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77 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
77 lines
3.0 KiB
Markdown
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Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Note
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==================================
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In the FHS, `/{,s}bin` *may* be a symlink to `/usr/{,s}bin` and
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`/lib{,64}` *may* be a symlink to `/usr/lib{,64}`.
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Many modern Linux distributions do in fact implement those directories
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as symbolic links.
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For an RPM `.spec` file to truly be portable, it can not assume that
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those directories are symbolic links and binaries/libraries that belong
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within `/bin`, `/sbin`, `/lib`, and `/lib64` when they are not symbolic
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links should be installed in those directories and not under the `/usr`
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prefix.
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For binaries within `/{,s}bin`, any shared libraries they link against
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*must* be installed within `/lib{,64}` so that the binary will work in
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the event `/usr` is a separate partition that is not mounted.
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Shared Library Packaging
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------------------------
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For the shared libraries installed within `/lib`, I am choosing to put
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the developer `libfoo.so` symbolic link and (if packaged) the developer
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`libfoo.a` static library within `/usr/lib` even though the shared
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library itself is within `/lib` and not under the `/usr` prefix. Those
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files are not needed in the event `/usr` is not available.
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With a very few exceptions (e.g. `libgcc_s` and `libstdc++` from `gcc`)
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the way I do this is to pass
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--libdir=/%{_lib}
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to the configure script.
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That does result in the shared library being placed within `/lib`
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but *usually* it also results in the `pkgconfig` directory also being
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placed in `/lib` along with `foolib.so` and (if built) `foolib.a`.
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Furthermore, the `foolib.pc` points to `/lib` for linking, which
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technically is correct if that is where the `foolib.so` and `foolib.a`
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files are located. However I do not want them in `/lib`.
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In a *very few* cases, the resulting `Makefile` is smart enough to do
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what I want (put `foolib.so` in `/usr/lib` and `foo.pc` in
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`/usr/lib/pkgconfig` correctly configured) but usually I do have to
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manually adjust the install.
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An example from the `zlib.spec` file:
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install -m755 -d %{buildroot}%{_libdir}
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sed -i 's?libdir=.*?libdir=%{_libdir}?' %{buildroot}/%{_lib}/pkgconfig/zlib.pc
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mv %{buildroot}/%{_lib}/pkgconfig %{buildroot}%{_libdir}/
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rm -f %{buildroot}/%{_lib}/libz.so
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ln -s ../../%{_lib}/libz.so.1.2.13 %{buildroot}%{_libdir}/libz.so
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# just in case we ever package the static library
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mv %{buildroot}/%{_lib}/libz.a %{buildroot}%{_libdir}/
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The `install` commands creates `/usr/lib`, the `sed` command fixes the
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`zlib.pc` file and then the `pkgconfig` directory is put in the proper
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place.
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The original `/lib/libz.so` symbolic link is deleted, and a new one is
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created within `/usr/lib` that points to the actual library that is
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still within `/lib`.
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Even though I am not currently packaging the `libz.a` static library,
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it is moved into `/usr/lib` just in case there ever arises a legitimate
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use case to package the static library.
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Within the `%files devel` section, I exclude it from being packages:
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%exclude %{_libdir}/libz.a
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Most shared libraries belong in `/usr/lib` and this adjustment is not
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necessary.
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