glfs/postlfs/security/heimdal.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY heimdal-download-http "http://ftp.vc-graz.ac.at/mirror/crypto/kerberos/heimdal/heimdal-&heimdal-version;.tar.gz">
  <!ENTITY heimdal-download-ftp  "ftp://ftp.pdc.kth.se/pub/heimdal/src/heimdal-&heimdal-version;.tar.gz">
  <!ENTITY heimdal-md5sum        "2265fd2d4573dd3a8da45ce62519e48b">
  <!ENTITY heimdal-size          "3.3 MB">
  <!ENTITY heimdal-buildsize     "71 MB">
  <!ENTITY heimdal-time          "2.06 SBU">
]>

<sect1 id="heimdal" xreflabel="Heimdal-&heimdal-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="heimdal.html"?>

  <sect1info>
    <othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
    <date>$Date$</date>
  </sect1info>

  <title>Heimdal-&heimdal-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="heimdal">
    <primary sortas="a-Heimdal">Heimdal</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to Heimdal</title>

    <para><application>Heimdal</application> is a free implementation
    of Kerberos 5, that aims to be compatible with MIT krb5 and is
    backwards compatible with krb4. Kerberos is a network authentication
    protocol. Basically it preserves the integrity of passwords in any
    untrusted network (like the Internet). Kerberized applications work
    hand-in-hand with sites that support Kerberos to ensure that passwords
    cannot be stolen. A Kerberos installation will make changes to the
    authentication mechanisms on your network and will overwrite several
    programs and daemons from the <application>Coreutils</application>,
    <application>Inetutils</application>, <application>Qpopper</application>
    and <application>Shadow</application> packages.</para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&heimdal-download-http;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&heimdal-download-ftp;"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download MD5 sum: &heimdal-md5sum;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Download size: &heimdal-size;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated disk space required: &heimdal-buildsize;</para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Estimated build time: &heimdal-time;</para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
      <listitem>
        <para>Required Patch: <ulink
        url="&patch-root;/heimdal-&heimdal-version;-fhs_compliance-1.patch"/></para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>Required patch for <application>cracklib</application>: <ulink
        url="&patch-root;/heimdal-&heimdal-version;-cracklib-1.patch"/></para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Heimdal Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
    <para><xref linkend="openssl"/> and
    <xref linkend="db"/></para>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
    <para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/>,
    <xref linkend="openldap"/>,
    X (<xref linkend="xorg"/> or <xref linkend="xfree86"/>),
    <xref linkend="cracklib"/> and
    <ulink url="http://www.pdc.kth.se/kth-krb/">krb4</ulink></para>

    <note>
      <para>Some sort of time synchronization facility on your system
      (like <xref linkend="ntp"/>) is required since Kerberos won't
      authenticate if the time differential between a kerberized client
      and the KDC server is more than 5 minutes.</para>
    </note>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Heimdal</title>

    <para>Before installing the package, you may want to preserve the
    <command>ftp</command> program from the <application>Inetutils</application>
    package. This is because using the <application>Heimdal</application>
    <command>ftp</command> program to connect to non-kerberized ftp servers may
    not work properly. It will allow you to connect (letting you know that
    transmission of the password is clear text) but will have problems doing puts
    and gets. Issue the following command as the <systemitem
    class="username">root</systemitem> user.</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>mv -v /usr/bin/ftp /usr/bin/ftpn</userinput></screen>

    <para>If you wish the <application>Heimdal</application> package to
    link against the <application>cracklib</application> library, you
    must apply a patch:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../heimdal-&heimdal-version;-cracklib-1.patch</userinput></screen>

    <para>Install <application>Heimdal</application> by running the following
    commands:</para>

<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../heimdal-&heimdal-version;-fhs_compliance-1.patch &amp;&amp;
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/heimdal \
    --datadir=/var/lib/heimdal --localstatedir=/var/lib/heimdal \
    --libexecdir=/usr/sbin --enable-shared \
    --with-openssl=/usr --with-readline=/usr &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install &amp;&amp;
mv -v /bin/login /bin/login.shadow &amp;&amp;
mv -v /bin/su /bin/su.shadow &amp;&amp;
mv -v /usr/bin/{login,su} /bin &amp;&amp;
ln -v -sf ../../bin/login /usr/bin &amp;&amp;
mv -v /usr/lib/lib{otp.so.0*,kafs.so.0*,krb5.so.17*,asn1.so.6*} \
   /usr/lib/lib{roken.so.16*,crypto.so.0*,db-4.3.so} /lib &amp;&amp;
ln -v -sf ../../lib/lib{otp.so.0{,.1.4},kafs.so.0{,.4.0},db-4.3.so} \
    /usr/lib &amp;&amp;
ln -v -sf ../../lib/lib{krb5.so.17{,.3.0},asn1.so.6{,.0.2}} \
    /usr/lib &amp;&amp;
ln -v -sf ../../lib/lib{roken.so.16{,.0.3},crypto.so.0{,.9.7}} \
    /usr/lib &amp;&amp;
ldconfig</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/sbin</parameter>: This switch
    puts the daemon programs into
    <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>.</para>

    <note>
      <para>If you want to preserve all your existing
      <application>Inetutils</application> package daemons, install the
      <application>Heimdal</application> daemons into
      <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin/heimdal</filename> (or wherever
      you want). Since these programs will be called from
      <command>(x)inetd</command> or <filename>rc</filename> scripts, it
      really doesn't matter where they are installed, as long as they are
      correctly specified in the <filename>/etc/(x)inetd.conf</filename> file
      and <filename>rc</filename> scripts. If you choose something other than
      <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>, you may want to move
      some of the user programs (such as <command>kadmin</command>) to
      <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename> manually so they'll be
      in the privileged user's default path.</para>
    </note>

    <para><command>mv ... .shadow; mv ... /bin; ln -v -sf ../../bin...</command>:
    The <command>login</command> and <command>su</command> programs installed by
    <application>Heimdal</application> belong in the
    <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> directory. The
    <command>login</command> program is symlinked because
    <application>Heimdal</application> is expecting to find it in
    <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>. The old executables are
    preserved before the move to keep things sane should breaks occur.</para>

    <para><command>mv ... /lib; ln -sf ../../lib/lib... /usr/lib</command>:
    The <command>login</command> and <command>su</command> programs installed
    by <application>Heimdal</application> link against
    <application>Heimdal</application> libraries as well as libraries provided
    by the <application>OpenSSL</application> and
    <application>Berkeley DB</application> packages. These
    libraries are moved to <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> to be
    FHS compliant and also in case
    <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is located on a separate partition
    which may not always be mounted.</para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring Heimdal</title>

    <sect3 id="heimdal-config">
      <title>Config Files</title>

      <para><filename>/etc/heimdal/*</filename></para>

      <indexterm zone="heimdal heimdal-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-heimdal">/etc/heimdal/*</primary>
      </indexterm>

    </sect3>

    <sect3>
      <title>Configuration Information</title>

      <sect4>
        <title>Master KDC Server Configuration</title>

        <para>Create the Kerberos configuration file with the
        following commands:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -d /etc/heimdal &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /etc/heimdal/krb5.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/heimdal/krb5.conf

[libdefaults]
    default_realm = <replaceable>[EXAMPLE.COM]</replaceable>
    encrypt = true

[realms]
    <replaceable>[EXAMPLE.COM]</replaceable> = {
        kdc = <replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable>
        admin_server = <replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable>
        kpasswd_server = <replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable>
    }

[domain_realm]
    .<replaceable>[example.com]</replaceable> = <replaceable>[EXAMPLE.COM]</replaceable>

[logging]
    kdc = FILE:/var/log/kdc.log
    admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmin.log
    default = FILE:/var/log/krb.log

# End /etc/heimdal/krb5.conf</literal>
EOF</userinput></screen>

        <para>You will need to substitute your domain and proper hostname
        for the occurrences of the <replaceable>[hostname]</replaceable>
        and <replaceable>[EXAMPLE.COM]</replaceable> names.</para>

        <para><option>default_realm</option> should be the name of your
        domain changed to ALL CAPS. This isn't required, but both
        <application>Heimdal</application> and <application>MIT
        krb5</application> recommend it.</para>

        <para><option>encrypt = true</option> provides encryption of all
        traffic between kerberized clients and servers. It's not necessary
        and can be left off. If you leave it off, you can encrypt all traffic
        from the client to the server using a switch on the client program
        instead.</para>

        <para>The <option>[realms]</option> parameters tell the client
        programs where to look for the KDC authentication services.</para>

        <para>The <option>[domain_realm]</option> section maps a domain
        to a realm.</para>

        <para>Store the master password in a key file using the following
        commands:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>install -d -m 755 /var/lib/heimdal &amp;&amp;
kstash</userinput></screen>

        <para>Create the KDC database:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>kadmin -l</userinput></screen>

        <para>Choose the defaults for now. You can go in later and change the
        defaults, should you feel the need. At the <prompt>kadmin&gt;</prompt>
        prompt, issue the following statement:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>init <replaceable>[EXAMPLE.COM]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>The database must now be populated with at least one principle
        (user). For now, just use your regular login name or root. You may
        create as few, or as many principles as you wish using the following
        statement:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>add <replaceable>[loginname]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>The KDC server and any machine running kerberized
        server daemons must have a host key installed:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>add --random-key host/<replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>After choosing the defaults when prompted, you will have to
        export the data to a keytab file:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>ext host/<replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>This should have created two files in
        <filename class="directory">/etc/heimdal</filename>:
        <filename>krb5.keytab</filename> (Kerberos 5) and
        <filename>srvtab</filename> (Kerberos 4). Both files should have 600
        (root rw only) permissions. Keeping the keytab files from public access
        is crucial to the overall security of the Kerberos installation.</para>

        <para>Eventually, you'll want to add server daemon principles to the
        database and extract them to the keytab file. You do this in the same
        way you created the host principles. Below is an example:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>add --random-key ftp/<replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>(choose the defaults)</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>ext ftp/<replaceable>[hostname.example.com]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>Exit the <command>kadmin</command> program (use
        <command>quit</command> or <command>exit</command>) and return back
        to the shell prompt. Start the KDC daemon manually, just to test out
        the installation:</para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>/usr/sbin/kdc &amp;</userinput></screen>

        <para>Attempt to get a TGT (ticket granting ticket) with
        the following command:</para>

<screen><userinput>kinit <replaceable>[loginname]</replaceable></userinput></screen>

        <para>You will be prompted for the password you created. After you get
        your ticket, you should list it with the following command:</para>

<screen><userinput>klist</userinput></screen>

        <para>Information about the ticket should be displayed on
        the screen.</para>

        <para>To test the functionality of the <filename>keytab</filename> file,
        issue the following command:</para>

<screen><userinput>ktutil list</userinput></screen>

        <para>This should dump a list of the host principals, along with the
        encryption methods used to access the principals.</para>

        <para>At this point, if everything has been successful so far, you
        can feel fairly confident in the installation and configuration of
        the package.</para>

        <para id="heimdal-init">Install the
        <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/heimdal</filename> init script included
        in the <xref linkend="intro-important-bootscripts"/> package:</para>

        <indexterm zone="heimdal heimdal-init">
          <primary sortas="f-heimdal">heimdal</primary>
        </indexterm>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make install-heimdal</userinput></screen>

      </sect4>

      <sect4>
        <title>Using Kerberized Client Programs</title>

        <para>To use the kerberized client programs (<command>telnet</command>,
        <command>ftp</command>, <command>rsh</command>,
        <command>rxterm</command>, <command>rxtelnet</command>,
        <command>rcp</command>, <command>xnlock</command>), you first must get
        a TGT. Use the <command>kinit</command> program to get the ticket.
        After you've acquired the ticket, you can use the kerberized programs
        to connect to any kerberized server on the network. You will not be
        prompted for authentication until your ticket expires (default is one
        day), unless you specify a different user as a command line argument
        to the program.</para>

        <para>The kerberized programs will connect to non-kerberized daemons,
        warning you that authentication is not encrypted. As mentioned earlier,
        only the <command>ftp</command> program gives any trouble connecting to
        non-kerberized daemons.</para>

        <para>In order to use the <application>Heimdal</application>
        <application>X</application> programs, you'll need to add a service
        port entry to the <filename>/etc/services</filename> file for the
        <command>kxd</command> server. There is no 'standardized port number'
        for the 'kx' service in the IANA database, so you'll have to pick an
        unused port number. Add an entry to the <filename>services</filename>
        file similar to the entry below (substitute your chosen port number
        for <replaceable>[49150]</replaceable>):</para>

<screen><literal>kx              <replaceable>[49150]</replaceable>/tcp   # Heimdal kerberos X
kx              <replaceable>[49150]</replaceable>/udp   # Heimdal kerberos X</literal></screen>

        <para>For additional information consult <ulink
        url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/hints/downloads/files/heimdal.txt">the
        Heimdal hint</ulink> on which the above instructions are based.</para>

      </sect4>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>afslog, dump_log, ftp, ftpd, hprop, hpropd, ipropd-master,
        ipropd-slave, kadmin, kadmind, kauth, kdc, kdestroy, kf, kfd, kgetcred,
        kinit, klist, kpasswd, kpasswdd, krb5-config, kstash, ktutil, kx, kxd,
        login, mk_cmds, otp, otpprint, pagsh, pfrom, popper, push, rcp,
        replay_log, rsh, rshd, rxtelnet, rxterm, string2key, su, telnet,
        telnetd, tenletxr, truncate-log, verify_krb5_conf, and xnlock</seg>
        <seg>libasn1.[so,a], libeditline.a, libgssapi.[so,a], libhdb.[so,a],
        libkadm5clnt.[so,a], libkadm5srv.[so,a], libkafs.[so,a], libkrb5.[so,a],
        libotp.[so,a], libroken.[so,a], libsl.[so,a], and libss.[so,a]</seg>
        <seg>/etc/heimdal, /usr/include/kadm5, /usr/include/ss, and
        /var/lib/heimdal</seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="afslog">
        <term><command>afslog</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>obtains AFS tokens for a number of cells.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal afslog">
            <primary sortas="b-afslog">afslog</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ftp">
        <term><command>ftp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized FTP client.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal ftp">
            <primary sortas="b-ftp">ftp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ftpd">
        <term><command>ftpd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized FTP daemon.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal ftpd">
            <primary sortas="b-ftpd">ftpd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="hprop">
        <term><command>hprop</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para> takes a principal database in a specified format and converts
          it into a stream of <application>Heimdal</application> database
          records.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal hprop">
            <primary sortas="b-hprop">hprop</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="hpropd">
        <term><command>hpropd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a server that receives a database sent by
          <command>hprop</command> and writes it as a local database.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal hpropd">
            <primary sortas="b-hpropd">hpropd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ipropd-master">
        <term><command>ipropd-master</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a daemon which runs on the master KDC
          server which incrementally propogates changes to the KDC
          database to the slave KDC servers.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal ipropd-master">
            <primary sortas="b-ipropd-master">ipropd-master</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ipropd-slave">
        <term><command>ipropd-slave</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a daemon which runs on the slave KDC
          servers which incrementally propogates changes to the KDC
          database from the master KDC server.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal ipropd-slave">
            <primary sortas="b-ipropd-slave">ipropd-slave</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kadmin">
        <term><command>kadmin</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a utility used to make modifications to the Kerberos
          database.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kadmin">
            <primary sortas="b-kadmin">kadmin</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kadmind">
        <term><command>kadmind</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a server for administrative access to the Kerberos
          database.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kadmind">
            <primary sortas="b-kadmind">kadmind</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kauth">
        <term><command>kauth</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a symbolic link to the <command>kinit</command> program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kauth">
            <primary sortas="g-kauth">kauth</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kdc">
        <term><command>kdc</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a Kerberos 5 server.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kdc">
            <primary sortas="b-kdc">kdc</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kdestroy">
        <term><command>kdestroy</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>removes a principle's current set of tickets.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kdestroy">
            <primary sortas="b-kdestroy">kdestroy</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kf">
        <term><command>kf</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program which forwards tickets to a remote host through
          an authenticated and encrypted stream.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kf">
            <primary sortas="b-kf">kf</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kfd">
        <term><command>kfd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a server used to receive forwarded tickets.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kfd">
            <primary sortas="b-kfd">kfd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kgetcred">
        <term><command>kgetcred</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>obtains a ticket for a service.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kgetcred">
            <primary sortas="b-kgetcred">kgetcred</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kinit">
        <term><command>kinit</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is used to authenticate to the Kerberos server as a principal
          and acquire a ticket granting ticket that can later be used to obtain
          tickets for other services.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kinit">
            <primary sortas="b-kinit">kinit</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="klist">
        <term><command>klist</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>reads and displays the current tickets in the credential
          cache.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal klist">
            <primary sortas="b-klist">klist</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kpasswd">
        <term><command>kpasswd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program for changing Kerberos 5 passwords.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kpasswd">
            <primary sortas="b-kpasswd">kpasswd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kpasswdd">
        <term><command>kpasswdd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a Kerberos 5 password changing server.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kpasswdd">
            <primary sortas="b-kpasswdd">kpasswdd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="krb5-config-prog">
        <term><command>krb5-config</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>gives information on how to link programs against
          <application>Heimdal</application> libraries.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal krb5-config-prog">
            <primary sortas="b-krb5-config">krb5-config</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kstash">
        <term><command>kstash</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>stores the KDC master password in a file.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kstash">
            <primary sortas="b-kstash">kstash</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="ktutil">
        <term><command>ktutil</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program for managing Kerberos keytabs.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal ktutil">
            <primary sortas="b-ktutil">ktutil</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kx">
        <term><command>kx</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program which securely forwards
          <application>X</application> connections.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kx">
            <primary sortas="b-kx">kx</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="kxd">
        <term><command>kxd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is the daemon for <command>kx</command>.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal kxd">
            <primary sortas="b-kxd">kxd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="login">
        <term><command>login</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized login program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal login">
            <primary sortas="b-login">login</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="otp">
        <term><command>otp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>manages one-time passwords.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal otp">
            <primary sortas="b-otp">otp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="otpprint">
        <term><command>otpprint</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>prints lists of one-time passwords.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal otpprint">
            <primary sortas="b-otpprint">otpprint</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="pfrom">
        <term><command>pfrom</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a script that runs <command>push --from</command>.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal pfrom">
            <primary sortas="b-pfrom">pfrom</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="popper">
        <term><command>popper</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized POP-3 server.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal popper">
            <primary sortas="b-popper">popper</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="push">
        <term><command>push</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized POP mail retreival client.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal push">
            <primary sortas="b-push">push</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rcp">
        <term><command>rcp</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized rcp client program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal rcp">
            <primary sortas="b-rcp">rcp</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rsh">
        <term><command>rsh</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized rsh client program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal rsh">
            <primary sortas="b-rsh">rsh</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rshd">
        <term><command>rshd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized rsh server.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal rshd">
            <primary sortas="b-rshd">rshd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rxtelnet">
        <term><command>rxtelnet</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>starts a secure <command>xterm</command> window with a
          <command>telnet</command> to a given host and forwards
          <application>X</application> connections.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal rxtelnet">
            <primary sortas="b-rxtelnet">rxtelnet</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="rxterm">
        <term><command>rxterm</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>starts a secure remote <command>xterm</command>.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal rxterm">
            <primary sortas="b-rxterm">rxterm</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="string2key">
        <term><command>string2key</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>maps a password into a key.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal string2key">
            <primary sortas="b-string2key">string2key</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="su">
        <term><command>su</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized su client program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal su">
            <primary sortas="b-su">su</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="telnet">
        <term><command>telnet</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized telnet client program.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal telnet">
            <primary sortas="b-telnet">telnet</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="telnetd">
        <term><command>telnetd</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a kerberized telnet server.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal telnetd">
            <primary sortas="b-telnetd">telnetd</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="tenletxr">
        <term><command>tenletxr</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>forwards <application>X</application> connections
          backwards.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal tenletxr">
            <primary sortas="b-tenletxr">tenletxr</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="verify_krb5_conf">
        <term><command>verify_krb5_conf</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>checks <filename>krb5.conf</filename> file for obvious
          errors.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal verify_krb5_conf">
            <primary sortas="b-verify_krb5_conf">verify_krb5_conf</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="xnlock">
        <term><command>xnlock</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a program that acts as a secure screen saver for
          workstations running <application>X</application>.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal xnlock">
            <primary sortas="b-xnlock">xnlock</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libasn1">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libasn1.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>provides the ASN.1 and DER functions to encode and decode
          the Kerberos TGTs.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libasn1">
            <primary sortas="c-libasn1">libasn1.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libeditline">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libeditline.a</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a command-line editing library with history.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libeditline">
            <primary sortas="c-libeditline">libeditline.a</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libgssapi">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libgssapi.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>contain the Generic Security Service Application Programming
          Interface (GSSAPI) functions which provides security
          services to callers in a generic fashion, supportable with a range of
          underlying mechanisms and technologies and hence allowing source-level
          portability of applications to different environments.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libgssapi">
            <primary sortas="c-libgssapi">libgssapi.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libhdb">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libhdb.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a <application>Heimdal</application> Kerberos 5
          authentication/authorization database access library.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libhdb">
            <primary sortas="c-libhdb">libhdb.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libkadm5clnt">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libkadm5clnt.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>contains the administrative authentication and password
          checking functions required by Kerberos 5 client-side programs.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libkadm5clnt">
            <primary sortas="c-libkadm5clnt">libkadm5clnt.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libkadm5srv">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libkadm5srv.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>contain the administrative authentication and password
          checking functions required by Kerberos 5 servers.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libkadm5srv">
            <primary sortas="c-libkadm5srv">libkadm5srv.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libkafs">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libkafs.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>contains the functions required to authenticated to AFS.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libkafs">
            <primary sortas="c-libkafs">libkafs.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libkrb5">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libkrb5.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is an all-purpose Kerberos 5 library.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libkrb5">
            <primary sortas="c-libkrb5">libkrb5.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libotp">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libotp.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>contains the functions required to handle authenticating
          one time passwords.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libotp">
            <primary sortas="c-libotp">libotp.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="libroken">
        <term><filename class='libraryfile'>libroken.[so,a]</filename></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>is a library containing Kerberos 5 compatibility
          functions.</para>
          <indexterm zone="heimdal libroken">
            <primary sortas="c-libroken">libroken.[so,a]</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>