2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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2007-04-05 03:42:53 +08:00
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="postlfs-users-groups" xreflabel="About System Users and Groups">
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<?dbhtml filename="users.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>About System Users and Groups</title>
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<indexterm zone="postlfs-users-groups">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="postlfs-users-groups">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-group">/etc/group</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="postlfs-users-groups">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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</indexterm>
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2020-03-25 23:07:11 +08:00
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<para>
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Throughout BLFS, many packages install programs that run as daemons or in
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some way should have a user or group name assigned. Generally these
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names are used to map a user ID (uid) or group ID (gid) for system use.
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Generally the specific uid or gid numbers used by these applications are
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not significant. The exception of course, is that <systemitem
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class='username'>root</systemitem> has a uid and gid of 0 (zero) that
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is indeed special. The uid values are stored in
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and the gid values are found in
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<filename>/etc/group</filename>.
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</para>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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2020-03-25 23:07:11 +08:00
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<para>
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Customarily, Unix systems classify users and groups into two categories:
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system users and regular users. The system users and groups are given
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low numbers and regular users and groups have numeric values greater
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than all the system values. The cutoff for these numbers is found in
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two parameters in the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> configuration
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file. The default UID_MIN value is 1000 and the default GID_MIN value
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is 1000. If a specific uid or gid value is not specified when creating
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a user with <command>useradd</command> or a group with
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<command>groupadd</command> the values assigned will always be above
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these cutoff values.
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</para>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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2020-03-25 23:07:11 +08:00
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<para>
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Additionally, the <ulink url=
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"http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/usernames.html">
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Linux Standard Base</ulink> recommends that system uid and gid values
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should be below 100.
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</para>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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2020-03-25 23:07:11 +08:00
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<para>
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Below is a table of suggested uid/gid values used in BLFS beyond those
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defined in a base LFS installation. These can be changed as desired, but
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provide a suggested set of consistent values.
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</para>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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2007-04-23 03:12:02 +08:00
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<table id="uidgid" class="uidvalues">
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<title>UID/GID Suggested Values</title>
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2007-04-23 03:12:02 +08:00
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<?dbfo table-width="2in" ?>
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<tgroup cols="3">
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<colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1.2in"/>
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<colspec colnum="2" colwidth=".4in"/>
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<colspec colnum="3" colwidth=".4in"/>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<thead>
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<row><entry>Name</entry><entry>uid</entry><entry>gid</entry></row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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2006-05-01 02:06:51 +08:00
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<row><entry>bin </entry><entry> 1</entry><entry> </entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>lp </entry><entry> 9</entry><entry> </entry></row>
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2006-05-01 02:06:51 +08:00
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<!--<row><entry>usb </entry><entry> </entry><entry>14</entry></row> -->
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2012-05-25 05:25:37 +08:00
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<row><entry>adm </entry><entry> </entry><entry>16</entry></row>
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2012-05-10 04:19:23 +08:00
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<row><entry>atd </entry><entry>17</entry><entry>17</entry></row>
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2005-09-27 09:36:25 +08:00
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<row><entry>messagebus</entry><entry>18</entry><entry>18</entry></row>
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2012-08-07 22:20:14 +08:00
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<row><entry>lpadmin </entry><entry></entry><entry>19</entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>named </entry><entry>20</entry><entry>20</entry></row>
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<row><entry>gdm </entry><entry>21</entry><entry>21</entry></row>
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<row><entry>fcron </entry><entry>22</entry><entry>22</entry></row>
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2013-03-16 20:11:58 +08:00
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<row><entry>systemd-journal</entry><entry></entry><entry>23</entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>apache </entry><entry>25</entry><entry>25</entry></row>
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2005-06-06 05:06:40 +08:00
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<row><entry>smmsp </entry><entry>26</entry><entry>26</entry></row>
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2012-06-10 08:10:21 +08:00
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<row><entry>polkitd </entry><entry>27</entry><entry>27</entry></row>
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2015-02-10 22:47:02 +08:00
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<row><entry>rpc </entry><entry>28</entry><entry>28</entry></row>
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2005-07-30 12:21:46 +08:00
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<!-- <row><entry>courier </entry><entry>30</entry><entry>30</entry></row> -->
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>exim </entry><entry>31</entry><entry>31</entry></row>
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<row><entry>postfix </entry><entry>32</entry><entry>32</entry></row>
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<row><entry>postdrop</entry><entry> </entry><entry>33</entry></row>
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<row><entry>sendmail</entry><entry>34</entry><entry> </entry></row>
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<row><entry>mail </entry><entry> </entry><entry>34</entry></row>
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<row><entry>vmailman</entry><entry>35</entry><entry>35</entry></row>
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<row><entry>news </entry><entry>36</entry><entry>36</entry></row>
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2013-01-06 01:20:28 +08:00
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<row><entry>kdm </entry><entry>37</entry><entry>37</entry></row>
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2019-10-25 06:49:23 +08:00
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<row><entry>fetchmail</entry><entry>38</entry><entry> </entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>mysql </entry><entry>40</entry><entry>40</entry></row>
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2005-12-14 20:29:05 +08:00
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<row><entry>postgres</entry><entry>41</entry><entry>41</entry></row>
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2013-10-24 18:16:15 +08:00
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<row><entry>dovecot </entry><entry>42</entry><entry>42</entry></row>
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<row><entry>dovenull</entry><entry>43</entry><entry>43</entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>ftp </entry><entry>45</entry><entry>45</entry></row>
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<row><entry>proftpd </entry><entry>46</entry><entry>46</entry></row>
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<row><entry>vsftpd </entry><entry>47</entry><entry>47</entry></row>
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<row><entry>rsyncd </entry><entry>48</entry><entry>48</entry></row>
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<row><entry>sshd </entry><entry>50</entry><entry>50</entry></row>
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<row><entry>stunnel </entry><entry>51</entry><entry>51</entry></row>
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2020-04-04 20:23:44 +08:00
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<row><entry>dhcpcd </entry><entry>52</entry><entry>52</entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>svn </entry><entry>56</entry><entry>56</entry></row>
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2005-06-06 05:06:40 +08:00
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<row><entry>svntest </entry><entry> </entry><entry>57</entry></row>
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2021-01-05 23:59:46 +08:00
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<row><entry>git </entry><entry>58</entry><entry>58</entry></row>
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2014-03-16 01:40:56 +08:00
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<!-- <row><entry>pulse </entry><entry>58</entry><entry>58</entry></row>
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2012-07-23 23:39:03 +08:00
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<row><entry>pulse-access</entry><entry></entry><entry>59</entry></row>
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2014-03-16 01:40:56 +08:00
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-->
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>games </entry><entry>60</entry><entry>60</entry></row>
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2012-01-28 04:31:11 +08:00
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<row><entry>kvm </entry><entry> </entry><entry>61</entry></row>
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2012-04-12 07:35:38 +08:00
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<row><entry>wireshark</entry><entry> </entry><entry>62</entry></row>
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2014-06-12 20:31:05 +08:00
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<row><entry>lightdm </entry><entry>63</entry><entry>63</entry></row>
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2014-11-09 19:06:31 +08:00
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<row><entry>sddm </entry><entry>64</entry><entry>64</entry></row>
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2018-01-06 02:17:22 +08:00
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<row><entry>lightdm </entry><entry>65</entry><entry>65</entry></row>
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2014-08-21 02:14:40 +08:00
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<row><entry>scanner </entry><entry> </entry><entry>70</entry></row>
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<row><entry>colord </entry><entry>71</entry><entry>71</entry></row>
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2014-06-12 20:12:51 +08:00
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<!-- Begin systemd specific users and groups -->
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2014-08-21 02:14:40 +08:00
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<row><entry>systemd-bus-proxy</entry><entry>72</entry><entry>72</entry></row>
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<row><entry>systemd-journal-gateway</entry><entry>73</entry><entry>73</entry></row>
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<row><entry>systemd-journal-remote</entry><entry>74</entry><entry>74</entry></row>
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<row><entry>systemd-journal-upload</entry><entry>75</entry><entry>75</entry></row>
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<row><entry>systemd-network</entry><entry>76</entry><entry>76</entry></row>
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<row><entry>systemd-resolve</entry><entry>77</entry><entry>77</entry></row>
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<row><entry>systemd-timesync</entry><entry>78</entry><entry>78</entry></row>
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2016-02-12 17:53:39 +08:00
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<row><entry>systemd-coredump</entry><entry>79</entry><entry>79</entry></row>
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2014-06-12 20:12:51 +08:00
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<!-- End systemd specific users and groups -->
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2013-05-06 02:02:40 +08:00
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<row><entry>ldap </entry><entry>83</entry><entry>83</entry></row>
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2010-08-12 20:18:41 +08:00
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<row><entry>avahi </entry><entry>84</entry><entry>84</entry></row>
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<row><entry>avahi-autoipd</entry><entry>85</entry><entry>85</entry></row>
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<row><entry>netdev </entry><entry> </entry><entry>86</entry></row>
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2013-03-11 04:53:27 +08:00
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<row><entry>ntp </entry><entry>87</entry><entry>87</entry></row>
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2013-07-22 07:16:47 +08:00
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<row><entry>unbound </entry><entry>88</entry><entry>88</entry></row>
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2014-09-23 06:13:35 +08:00
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<row><entry>plugdev </entry><entry> </entry><entry>90</entry></row>
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2018-11-22 03:47:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>wheel </entry><entry> </entry><entry>97</entry></row>
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2005-06-06 05:06:40 +08:00
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<row><entry>anonymous</entry><entry>98</entry><entry> </entry></row>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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<row><entry>nobody </entry><entry>99</entry><entry> </entry></row>
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<row><entry>nogroup </entry><entry> </entry><entry>99</entry></row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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2020-03-25 23:07:11 +08:00
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<para>
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One value that is missing is 65534. This value is customarily assigned
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to the user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> and group
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<systemitem class="groupname">nogroup</systemitem> and is unnecessary.
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2012-04-12 07:35:38 +08:00
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</para>
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2005-06-01 09:03:19 +08:00
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</sect1>
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