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Bash Startup Files: Added.
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285
introduction/welcome/bash-profile.xml
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285
introduction/welcome/bash-profile.xml
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@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="bash-profile" xreflabel="The Bash Shell Startup Files">
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<?dbhtml filename="bash-profile.html"?>
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<title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
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<para>
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Bash, or the shell, can source a file at startup that applies for all
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users, which can be very helpful for many different purposes. This can
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involve setting many useful variables to adding new functionality to the
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shell, usually for convenience. This section is therefore recommended and
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setting up packages in this book will rely on this section and the created
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files. There is little downside to following this section unless you are
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not able to copy and paste the following commands, in which case there will
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be a lot of typing involved. Doing this in a chroot is recommended before
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booting back into your LFS system.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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Most of the instructions below are used to create files located in the
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<filename class='directory'>/etc</filename> directory structure which
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requires you to execute the commands as the <systemitem
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class='username'>root</systemitem> user. If you elect to create the
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files in user's home directories instead, you should run the commands
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as an unprivileged user.
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</para>
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</note>
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<note>
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<para>
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There are more startup files that can be made. The ones here establish
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a basic setup while offering convenience. For more startup files, see
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<ulink url="&blfs-svn;/postlfs/profile.html">BLFS Bash Startup Files.
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</ulink>
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</para>
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</note>
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<sect2 id="etc-profile-profile">
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<title>/etc/profile</title>
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<indexterm zone="bash-profile etc-profile-profile">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-profile">/etc/profile</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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Here is a base <filename>/etc/profile</filename>. This file starts by
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setting up some helper functions and some basic parameters. It specifies
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some <command>bash</command> history parameters and, for security
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purposes, disables keeping a permanent history file for the <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem> user. It also sets a default user
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prompt. It then calls small, single purpose scripts in the <filename
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class='directory'>/etc/profile.d</filename> directory to provide most
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of the initialization.
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</para>
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<para>
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For more information on the escape sequences you can use for your prompt
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(i.e., the <envar>PS1</envar> environment variable) see <command>info
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bash</command> -- <emphasis role="strong">Node: Printing a
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Prompt</emphasis>.
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><?dbfo keep-together="auto"?><userinput>cat > /etc/profile << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/profile
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# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
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# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
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# modifications by Dagmar d'Surreal <rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg>
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# System wide environment variables and startup programs.
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# System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc. Personal
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# environment variables and startup programs should go into
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# ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should go into
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# ~/.bashrc.
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# Functions to help us manage paths. Second argument is the name of the
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# path variable to be modified (default: PATH)
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pathremove () {
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local IFS=':'
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local NEWPATH
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local DIR
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local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
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for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
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if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
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NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
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fi
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done
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export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
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}
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pathprepend () {
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pathremove $1 $2
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local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
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export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
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}
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pathappend () {
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pathremove $1 $2
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local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
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export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
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}
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export -f pathremove pathprepend pathappend
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# Set the initial path
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export PATH=/usr/bin
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# Attempt to provide backward compatibility with LFS earlier than 11
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if [ ! -L /bin ]; then
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pathappend /bin
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fi
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if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
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pathappend /usr/sbin
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if [ ! -L /sbin ]; then
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pathappend /sbin
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fi
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unset HISTFILE
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fi
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# Set up some environment variables.
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export HISTSIZE=1000
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export HISTIGNORE="&:[bf]g:exit"
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# Set some defaults for graphical systems
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export XDG_DATA_DIRS=${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/share}
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export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg}
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export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp/xdg-$USER}
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# Set up a red prompt for root and a green one for users.
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NORMAL="\[\e[0m\]"
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RED="\[\e[1;31m\]"
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GREEN="\[\e[1;32m\]"
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if [[ $EUID == 0 ]] ; then
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PS1="$RED\u [ $NORMAL\w$RED ]# $NORMAL"
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else
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PS1="$GREEN\u [ $NORMAL\w$GREEN ]\$ $NORMAL"
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fi
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for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
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if [ -r $script ] ; then
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. $script
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fi
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done
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unset script RED GREEN NORMAL
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# End /etc/profile</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<sect3 id="etc-profile.d">
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<title>The /etc/profile.d Directory</title>
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<indexterm zone="bash-profile etc-profile.d">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d">/etc/profile.d</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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Now create the <filename class='directory'>/etc/profile.d</filename>
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directory, where the individual initialization scripts are placed:
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>install --directory --mode=0755 --owner=root --group=root /etc/profile.d</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="extrapaths.sh">
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<title>/etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh</title>
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<indexterm zone="bash-profile extrapaths.sh">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-extrapaths.sh">/etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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This script adds some useful paths to the <envar>PATH</envar> and
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can be used to customize other PATH related environment variables
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(e.g. LD_LIBRARY_PATH, etc) that may be needed for all users.
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/extrapaths.sh << "EOF"
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<literal>if [ -d /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig ] ; then
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pathappend /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
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fi
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if [ -d /usr/local/bin ]; then
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pathprepend /usr/local/bin
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fi
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if [ -d /usr/local/sbin -a $EUID -eq 0 ]; then
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pathprepend /usr/local/sbin
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fi
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if [ -d /usr/local/share ]; then
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pathprepend /usr/local/share XDG_DATA_DIRS
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fi
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# Set some defaults before other applications add to these paths.
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pathappend /usr/share/info INFOPATH</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<note>
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<para>
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The <command>man</command> program automatically deduce the search
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path for man pages by examining the content of the
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<envar>PATH</envar> variable, see
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<ulink role='man' url='&man;manpath.5'>manpath(5)</ulink> for
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details. Setting the <envar>MANPATH</envar> variable may override
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the automatic deduction, so the BLFS editors do not recommend to
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set it. If you must set it for any reason, it's better to start
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its value with a colon (<literal>:</literal>), for example
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<command>MANPATH=:/opt/somepkg/share/man:/opt/otherpkg/share/man</command>
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so the paths listed in the <envar>MANPATH</envar> variable will
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be appended to the automatically deduced value instead of
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overriding it.
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</para>
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</note>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="umask.sh">
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<title>/etc/profile.d/umask.sh</title>
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<indexterm zone="bash-profile umask.sh">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-umask.sh">/etc/profile.d/umask.sh</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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Setting the <command>umask</command> value is important for security.
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Here the default group write permissions are turned off for system
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users and when the user name and group name are not the same.
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/umask.sh << "EOF"
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<literal># By default, the umask should be set.
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if [ "$(id -gn)" = "$(id -un)" -a $EUID -gt 99 ] ; then
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umask 002
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else
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umask 022
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fi</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3 id="i18n.sh">
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<!-- This is handled system wide on systemd but LANG is not exported to
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the environment, hence it's return...need to add additional text for
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systemd only -->
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<title>/etc/profile.d/i18n.sh</title>
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<indexterm zone="bash-profile i18n.sh">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-profile.d-i18n.sh">/etc/profile.d/i18n.sh</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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This script sets an environment variable necessary for
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native language support. A full discussion on determining this
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variable can be found on the <ulink
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url="&lfs-website;/~thomas/multilib/chapter09/locale.html">
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Configuring the System Locale</ulink> page.
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/i18n.sh << "EOF"
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<literal># Set up i18n variables
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for i in $(locale); do
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unset ${i%=*}
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done
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if [[ "$TERM" = linux ]]; then
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export LANG=C.UTF-8
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else
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export LANG=<replaceable><ll></replaceable>_<replaceable><CC></replaceable>.<replaceable><charmap></replaceable><replaceable><@modifiers></replaceable>
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fi</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
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<listitem>
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<para>October 18th, 2024</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>[Zeckmathederg] - Bash Startup Files: Added.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>[Zeckmathederg] - wine/*: Added long build time notes.</para>
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</listitem>
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@ -39,5 +39,6 @@
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="credits.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="contact.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="important.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="bash-profile.xml"/>
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</chapter>
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@ -32,6 +32,12 @@
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next chapters.
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</para>
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<para>
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While you are at it, make sure you have followed
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<xref linkend="bash-profile"/> if you have not already as the files in that
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section set necessary variables.
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</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>X11</title>
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@ -138,45 +138,33 @@
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<note>
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<para>
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The instructions below modify the current user's <application>Bash
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</application> profile. If you plan on building the packages as the
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<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, become that user
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and run the following commands. If you want to install packages that
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use the above variables both as the <systemitem class="username">
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root</systemitem> user <emphasis>and</emphasis> the regular user,
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run the following commands for both users.
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The instructions below depend on the files created in
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<xref linkend="bash-profile"/>.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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Create an <filename>~/xorg.sh</filename> configuration
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file containing these variables:
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Create an <filename>/etc/profile.d/xorg.sh</filename> configuration
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file containing these variables as the &root; user:
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</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > ~/xorg.sh << EOF
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh << EOF
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<literal>XORG_PREFIX="$XORG_PREFIX"
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XORG_CONFIG="--prefix=\$XORG_PREFIX --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --disable-static"
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export XORG_PREFIX XORG_CONFIG</literal>
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EOF
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</userinput></screen>
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chmod 644 /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh</userinput></screen>
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<note>
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<para>
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There is some confusion about the above 'here' document.
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The backslash in front of the dollar sign is correct. Bash
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will remove it when creating ~/xorg.sh. However, if
|
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will remove it when creating /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh. However, if
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you are creating the file with an editor, a copy and paste operation
|
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will not remove the backslash. It must then be removed manually.
|
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</para>
|
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</note>
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<para>
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Now ensure that it will be used in the <application>Bash
|
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</application> profile:
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</para>
|
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|
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<screen><userinput>echo "source ~/xorg.sh" >> ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you've installed <application>sudo</application>, ensure that
|
||||
<envar>XORG_PREFIX</envar> and <envar>XORG_CONFIG</envar> are available
|
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@ -214,7 +202,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
user:
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||||
</para>
|
||||
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||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> ~/xorg.sh << "EOF"
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal>
|
||||
pathappend $XORG_PREFIX/bin PATH
|
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pathappend $XORG_PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig PKG_CONFIG_PATH
|
||||
@ -238,7 +226,7 @@ EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
automatic at login, but to activate it now, run:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>source ~/xorg.sh</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<screen role="nodump"><userinput>source /etc/profile.d/xorg.sh</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should also add
|
||||
|
||||
@ -459,30 +459,32 @@ mv -v /etc/bash_completion.d/cargo \
|
||||
is correctly found by other packages and system processes.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The following command depends on the files created in
|
||||
<xref linkend="bash-profile"/>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Create the <filename>~/rustc.sh</filename> file:
|
||||
Create the <filename>/etc/profile.d/rustc.sh</filename> startup file as
|
||||
the &root; user:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>cat > ~/rustc.sh << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin ~/rustc.sh
|
||||
<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/rustc.sh << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/profile.d/rustc.sh
|
||||
|
||||
pathprepend /opt/rustc/bin PATH
|
||||
|
||||
# End ~/rustc.sh</literal>
|
||||
# End /etc/profile.d/rustc.sh</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Now ensure the script will be loaded when you are logged in:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>echo "source ~/rustc.sh" >> ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Immediately after installation, update the current PATH
|
||||
for your current shell:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen>
|
||||
<screen><userinput>source /etc/profile.d/rustc.sh</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
@ -322,25 +322,26 @@ openssl x509 -in class3.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 3 root" \
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</warning>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The instructions below depend on the files created in
|
||||
<xref linkend="bash-profile"/>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To use the system certificates in <application>Python3</application> with
|
||||
the GLFS profiles, add the following variable to your system or personal
|
||||
profiles:
|
||||
Now make sure the variable gets set at startup by creating the following
|
||||
Bash startup file as the &root; user:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>cat > ~/pythoncerts.sh << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin ~/pythoncerts.sh
|
||||
<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/profile.d/pythoncerts.sh << "EOF"
|
||||
<literal># Begin /etc/profile.d/pythoncerts.sh
|
||||
|
||||
export _PIP_STANDALONE_CERT=/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
|
||||
|
||||
# End ~/pythoncerts.sh</literal>
|
||||
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Now ensure the script will be loaded when you are logged in:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen><userinput>echo "source ~/pythoncerts.sh" >> ~/.bash_profile</userinput></screen>
|
||||
# End /etc/profile.d/pythoncerts.sh</literal>
|
||||
EOF
|
||||
</userinput></screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user