glfs/shareddeps/net/git.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
  <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
  %general-entities;

  <!ENTITY git-root "&kernel-dl;/software/scm/git" >

  <!ENTITY git-download-http "&git-root;/git-&git-version;.tar.xz">
  <!ENTITY git-download-ftp  " ">
]>

<sect1 id="git" xreflabel="git-&git-version;">
  <?dbhtml filename="git.html"?>


  <title>Git-&git-version;</title>

  <indexterm zone="git">
    <primary sortas="a-Git">Git</primary>
  </indexterm>

  <sect2 role="package">
    <title>Introduction to Git</title>

    <para>
      <application>Git</application> is a free and open source, distributed
      version control system designed to handle everything from small to very
      large projects with speed and efficiency. Every
      <application>Git</application> clone is a full-fledged repository with
      complete history and full revision tracking capabilities, not dependent
      on network access or a central server. Branching and merging are fast and
      easy to do. <application>Git</application> is used for version control of
      files, much like tools such as <application>Mercurial</application>,
      <application>Bazaar</application>, <application>Subversion</application>,
      <ulink url="https://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</ulink>,
      <application>Perforce</application>, and
      <application>Team Foundation Server</application>.
    </para>

    

    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&git-download-http;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          Download (FTP): <ulink url="&git-download-ftp;"/>
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
    <itemizedlist spacing="compact">
      <listitem>
        <para>
          <ulink url="&git-root;/git-manpages-&git-version;.tar.xz">
          &git-root;/git-manpages-&git-version;.tar.xz</ulink>
        </para>
      </listitem>
      <listitem>
        <para>
          <ulink url="&git-root;/git-htmldocs-&git-version;.tar.xz">
          &git-root;/git-htmldocs-&git-version;.tar.xz</ulink>
          and other docs
        </para>
      </listitem>
    </itemizedlist>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Git Dependencies</bridgehead>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
    <para role="recommended">
      <xref linkend="curl"/> (needed to use <application>Git</application> over
      http, https, ftp or ftps)
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="installation">
    <title>Installation of Git</title>

    <para>
      Install <application>Git</application> by running the following
      commands:
    </para>

<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
            --with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig \
            --with-python=python3 &amp;&amp;
make</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      The test suite can be run in parallel mode. To run the test suite, issue:
      <command>make test -k |&amp; tee test.log</command>.  If some test
      fails, the list of failed tests can be shown via
      <command>grep '^not ok' test.log | grep -v TODO</command>.
      <!-- It looks like I'd misdiagnosed the issue.  -->
      <!--phrase revision='systemd'>One test named <literal>start and stop
      Linux/systemd maintenance</literal> is known to fail if the current
      login session is not started after rebuilding
      <xref linkend='systemd'/> with <xref linkend='linux-pam'/>
      support, or it's a SSH session but the SSH server is not configured
      with <option>UsePAM</option> enabled.</phrase-->
    </para>

    <para>
      Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
      user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>make perllibdir=/usr/lib/perl5/&lfs-perl-version;/site_perl install</userinput></screen>

    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">If you downloaded the man pages and/or html docs</bridgehead>

    <para>
      If you downloaded the man pages untar them as the
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>tar -xf ../git-manpages-&git-version;.tar.xz \
    -C /usr/share/man --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      If you downloaded the html docs untar them as the
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>mkdir -vp   /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version; &amp;&amp;
tar   -xf   ../git-htmldocs-&git-version;.tar.xz \
      -C    /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version; --no-same-owner --no-overwrite-dir &amp;&amp;

find        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version; -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \; &amp;&amp;
find        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version; -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;</userinput></screen>

<!-- ==== Reorganize docs ====== -->
    <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Reorganize text and html in the html-docs</bridgehead>

    <para>
      The html-docs include a lot of plain text files.
      Reorganize the files as the
      <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
    </para>

<screen role="root"><userinput>mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/man-pages/{html,text}         &amp;&amp;
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/{git*.txt,man-pages/text}     &amp;&amp;
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/{git*.,index.,man-pages/}html &amp;&amp;

mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/technical/{html,text}         &amp;&amp;
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/technical/{*.txt,text}        &amp;&amp;
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/technical/{*.,}html           &amp;&amp;

mkdir -vp /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/howto/{html,text}             &amp;&amp;
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/howto/{*.txt,text}            &amp;&amp;
mv        /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/howto/{*.,}html               &amp;&amp;

sed -i '/^&lt;a href=/s|howto/|&amp;html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/howto-index.html &amp;&amp;
sed -i '/^\* link:/s|howto/|&amp;html/|' /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version;/howto-index.txt</userinput></screen>

  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>Using Git</title>

    <para>
      This Git installation doesn't have the full power Git can provide, such
      as scheduling and the like. If you want even more features, check
      <ulink url="&blfs-svn;/general/git.html"/>. However, this installation
      if you installed <xref linkend="curl"/> can provide enough features to
      be of good use for you, such as the ability to clone repos. This is
      sometimes a necessity when developers don't publish releases or haven't
      in a long time, so the repo is the only way to obtain the (hopefully) up
      to date package. In order to clone a repo, simply invoke:
    </para>

    <screen><userinput>git clone https://path/to/repo.git</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      The above command will then clone the entire repository besides
      subprojects, something that some projects do and require special instructions.
      A directory will be created, called <filename>repo</filename>, in the current
      working directory, with all the repo's files being in that just created
      directory. If you want to for some reason change the directory name, you
      can do it when you clone the repo, like so:
    </para>

<screen><userinput>git clone https://path/to/repo.git newname</userinput></screen>

    <para>
      The above command will create the directory called <filename>newname
      </filename> and put all the repo's files in that directory. Eventually you'll
      come across a repository that has some subprojects, for instance an
      emulator that depends on graphic libraries and intends to compile a static
      version of it. In order to pull in those subprojects, you must also
      invoke the <parameter>--recurse-submodules</parameter> option. This will
      clone all the subprojects and check them out.
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2>
    <title>Git Repo vs Release Archives</title>

    <para>
      All of the packages in GLFS, except for when obtaing firmware, have you
      download tarballs or zipfiles. These tarballs and zipfiles were created
      as part of a release, and often include files not found in the repo
      equivalent where the package development happens. Usually the extra included
      files are the configure scripts you should now be used to using. They are
      generated manually using <command>aclocal</command>, <command>autoconf
      </command>, and <command>automake</command>. The configure scripts are often
      not in the repos, so if the git repo gets cloned, you will have to generate
      the configure script yourself if you find <filename>configure.ac</filename>,
      <filename>Makefile.am</filename>, and possibly <filename>autogen.sh
      </filename>. You won't need to do this if you find the repo has a
      <filename>Makefile</filename> or has <filename>meson_options.txt</filename>
      or <filename>CMakeLists.txt</filename>.
    </para>

    <para>
      Another big difference between the repo and the release package is that
      the repo probably has had commits after the last release if it had any,
      and new commits can introduce bugs or prevent compilation. When developers
      prepare a new release, often they search for issues, bugs, and compilation
      errors, making it stable before they publish the release and its related
      package files. Release packages aren't entirely safe from issues and can
      help with causing issues as files can be added. Sometimes you can tell
      if something is wrong, sometimes you can't. It's always important to be
      up to date with security news to prevent damage.
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="commands">
    <title>Command Explanations</title>

    <para>
      <parameter>--with-gitconfig=/etc/gitconfig</parameter>: This sets
      <filename>/etc/gitconfig</filename> as the file that stores
      the default, system wide, <application>Git</application>
      settings.
    </para>

    <para>
      <parameter>--with-python=python3</parameter>: Use this switch to use
      <application>Python 3</application>, instead of the EOL'ed
      <application>Python 2</application>. Python is used for the
      <command>git p4</command> interface to Perforce repositories,
      and also used in some tests.
    </para>

    <para>
      <option>--with-libpcre2</option>: Use this switch if
      <application>PCRE2</application> is installed.
    </para>

    <para>
      <command>tar -xf ../git-manpages-&git-version;.tar.gz -C
      /usr/share/man --no-same-owner</command>: This untars
      <filename>git-manpages-&git-version;.tar.gz</filename>. The
      <option>-C</option> option makes tar change directory to
      <filename class="directory">/usr/share/man</filename> before
      it starts to decompress the docs. The <option>--no-same-owner</option>
      option stops tar from preserving the user and group details of the
      files. This is useful as that user or group may not exist on your
      system; this could (potentially) be a security risk.
    </para>

    <para>
      <command>mv /usr/share/doc/git-&git-version; ...</command>: These
      commands move some of the files into subfolders to make it easier to sort
      through the docs and find what you're looking for.
    </para>

    <para>
      <command>find ... chmod ...</command>: These commands correct the
      permissions in the shipped documentation tar file.
    </para>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="configuration">
    <title>Configuring Git</title>

    <sect3 id="git-config">
      <title>Config Files</title>
      <para>
        <filename>~/.gitconfig</filename> and
        <filename>/etc/gitconfig</filename>
      </para>

      <indexterm zone="git git-config">
        <primary sortas="e-AA.gitconfig">~/.gitconfig</primary>
      </indexterm>

      <indexterm zone="git git-config">
        <primary sortas="e-etc-gitconfig">/etc/gitconfig</primary>
      </indexterm>

    </sect3>

  </sect2>

  <sect2 role="content">
    <title>Contents</title>

    <segmentedlist>
      <segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
      <segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>

      <seglistitem>
        <seg>
          git, git-receive-pack, git-upload-archive, and
          git-upload-pack (hardlinked to each
          other), git-cvsserver, git-shell, gitk, and scalar
        </seg>
        <seg>
          None
        </seg>
        <seg>
          /usr/libexec/git-core,
          /usr/lib/perl5/&lfs-perl-version;/site_perl/Git, and
          /usr/share/{doc/git-&git-version;,git-core,git-gui,gitk,gitweb}
        </seg>
      </seglistitem>
    </segmentedlist>

    <variablelist>
      <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
      <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
      <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>

      <varlistentry id="git-prog">
        <term><command>git</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is the stupid content tracker
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git git-prog">
            <primary sortas="b-git">git</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="git-cvsserver">
        <term><command>git-cvsserver</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a CVS server emulator for <application>Git</application>
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git git-cvsserver">
            <primary sortas="b-git-cvsserver">git-cvsserver</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="gitk">
        <term><command>gitk</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a graphical <application>Git</application> repository browser
	    (needs <ulink url="&blfs-svn;/general/tk.html">Tk</ulink>)
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git gitk">
            <primary sortas="b-gitk">gitk</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="git-receive-pack">
        <term><command>git-receive-pack</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is invoked by <command>git send-pack</command> and updates the
            repository with the information fed from the remote end
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git git-receive-pack">
            <primary sortas="b-git-receive-pack">git-receive-pack</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="git-shell">
        <term><command>git-shell</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a login shell for SSH accounts to provide restricted Git
            access
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git git-shell">
            <primary sortas="b-git-shell">git-shell</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="git-upload-archive">
        <term><command>git-upload-archive</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is invoked by <command>git archive --remote</command> and sends
            a generated archive to the other end over the git protocol
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git git-upload-archive">
            <primary sortas="b-git-upload-archive">git-upload-archive</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="git-upload-pack">
        <term><command>git-upload-pack</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is invoked by <command>git fetch-pack</command>, it discovers
            what objects the other side is missing, and sends them after
            packing
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git git-upload-pack">
            <primary sortas="b-git-upload-pack">git-upload-pack</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry id="scalar">
        <term><command>scalar</command></term>
        <listitem>
          <para>
            is a repository management tool that optimizes Git for use in
            large repositories
          </para>
          <indexterm zone="git scalar">
            <primary sortas="b-scalar">scalar</primary>
          </indexterm>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

  </sect2>

</sect1>