mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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1a0f605b24
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@3228 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
428 lines
19 KiB
XML
428 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY xorg-download-http "http://freedesktop.org/~xorg/X11R&xorg-version;/src-single/X11R&xorg-version;-src.tar.bz2">
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<!ENTITY xorg-download-ftp " ">
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<!ENTITY xorg-size "41 MB">
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<!ENTITY xorg-buildsize "645 MB">
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<!ENTITY xorg-time "17.1 SBU">
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]>
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<sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<?dbhtml filename="xorg.html"?>
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<title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Introduction to <application>Xorg</application></title>
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<note><para>There are two packages in <acronym>BLFS</acronym> that implement
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the <application>X</application> Window System: <application>Xorg</application>
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and <application>XFree86</application>. These packages are quite similar. In
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fact, the base system of <application>Xorg</application> is
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<application>XFree86</application>-4.4.0RC2. The primary difference as of this
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writing is the license provisions of the packages. For someone building a
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package for their own use, these issues are not significant. Most large
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commercial distributions have decided to use the
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<application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use
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<application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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<para>A second reason for the forking of <application>X</application> packages
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is the stated goals of the developers. Some developers were unhappy with the
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administration and progress of <application>XFree86</application>. X.org's
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future plans include significant improvements to the internals of the system
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and more frequent releases.</para>
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<para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid, conservative
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application with excellent driver support.</para>
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<para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and
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<application>XFree86</application> can be installed in the same way, but this
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section will provide a slightly different and more current variation for
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installation.</para>
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</note>
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<para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
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implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System. This
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application provides a client/server interface between display hardware (the
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mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment, while also
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providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized application
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interface (<acronym>API</acronym>).</para>
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<sect3><title>Package information</title>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title><application>Xorg</application> Dependencies</title>
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<sect4><title>Required</title>
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<para><xref linkend="libpng"/> and <xref linkend="fontconfig"/></para>
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</sect4>
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<sect4><title>Optional</title>
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<para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/></para>
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</sect4>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Download Instructions</title>
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<para>As an alternative to downloading the entire source tree in a single
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file, there are several files that need to be fetched from the download
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location:</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src1.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src2.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src3.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src4.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src5.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src6.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src7.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application> libraries
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and support programs, the second contains standard <application>X</application>
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programs, the third contains the <application>X</application> server, the
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fourth and fifth are fonts, the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh
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is hardcopy documentation.</para>
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<para>To check your file for integrity, download the
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<filename>md5sums</filename> file. Then:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>md5sum -c md5sums</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>The package (or all seven packages) should give an OK status.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Installation of <application>Xorg</application></title>
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<sect3>
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<title>Kernel Compilation Settings</title>
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<para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later), it is
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recommended that you compile <acronym>MTRR</acronym> (Memory Type Range
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Registers) support into the kernel. The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD
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<acronym>CPU</acronym>s to the <acronym>MTRR</acronym> interface, so selecting
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this option is useful for those processors also. This option is found in the
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"Processor type and features" menu. It can increase performance of
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image write operations 2.5 times or more on <acronym>PCI</acronym> or
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<acronym>AGP</acronym> video cards.</para>
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<para>In the "Character Devices" section, enable <acronym>AGP</acronym> Support
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and select the chipset support on your motherboard. If you do not know the
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chipset, you may select all the chip types at the expense of extra kernel size.
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You can usually determine your motherboard's chipset by running the command
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<command>lspci</command>, a program from the <xref linkend="pciutils"/>
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package.</para>
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<para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis> Direct
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Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
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(<acronym>DRI</acronym>) supported video card. A complete list of
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<acronym>DRI</acronym> supported video cards can be found at
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<ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the "Status" section.
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Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo, Banshee), 3Dlabs,
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ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128, Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel (i810, i815), and
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Matrox (G200, G400, G450).</para>
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<para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
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which do not make use of <acronym>DRI</acronym>. If you intend to use these
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drivers, do not enable <acronym>DRI</acronym>.</para>
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<para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile and
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install the new kernel.</para>
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<note><para>If you build <application>Xorg</application> in a
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<command>chroot</command> environment, make sure the kernel version of the base
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system and the target system are the same.</para>
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</note>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Suppressing Xprint-related modification to <filename
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class="directory">/etc</filename></title>
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<para><application>Xorg</application> insists on putting
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its boot and profile scripts into the <filename
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class="directory">/etc</filename> directory even if we specifically tell
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it not to compile anything Xprint server or client related (see
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<filename>host.def</filename> below). The following command will
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suppress any such modifications:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>sed -i '/^SUBDIRS =/s/ etc$//' programs/Xserver/Xprint/Imakefile</command></userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>
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<para>When building <application>Xorg</application>, you should create a shadow
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directory of symbolic links for the compiled code. To do that, first make
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<command>lndir</command>. Starting from the
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<filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>pushd config/util &&
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make -f Makefile.ini lndir &&
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cp lndir /usr/bin/ &&
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popd</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>mkdir ../xcbuild &&
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cd ../xcbuild &&
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lndir ../xc</command></userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Creating <filename>host.def</filename></title>
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<para>The next step is to create the <filename>config/cf/host.def</filename>
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file. The documentation for <application>Xorg</application> indicates that the
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application will build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but
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the included libraries for <application>Fontconfig</application> and
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<application>FreeType2</application> do not build properly on a base
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<acronym>LFS</acronym> system. Therefore, you must specify that these
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libraries, as well as others, should be imported from the system.</para>
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<note><para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a shell
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script. Ensure the comments delimited by <userinput>/*</userinput> ...
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<userinput>*/</userinput> are balanced when modifying the file.</para></note>
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<screen><userinput><command>cat > config/cf/host.def << "EOF"</command>
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/* Begin Xorg host.def file */
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/* System Related Information. If you read and configure only one
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* section then it should be this one. The Intel architecture defaults are
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* set for a i686 and higher. Axp is for the Alpha architecture and Ppc is
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* for the Power PC. AMD64 is for the Opteron processor. Note that there have
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* been reports that the Ppc optimization line causes segmentation faults during
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* build. If that happens, try building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line. ***********/
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/* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
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/* #define DefaultGccAMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt -O2 -mcpu=750 */
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#define HasFreetype2 YES
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#define HasFontconfig YES
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#define HasExpat YES
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#define HasLibpng YES
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#define HasZlib YES
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/*
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* Which drivers to build. When building a static server, each of these
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* will be included in it. When building the loadable server each of these
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* modules will be built.
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*
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#define XF86CardDrivers mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
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neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
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cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
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GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
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ati AgpGartDrivers DevelDrivers ark cyrix \
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siliconmotion \
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vesa vga XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
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*/
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/*
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* Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
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*
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#define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
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digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
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microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb summa \
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wacom void magictouch aiptek
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*/
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/* Most installs will only need this */
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#define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard
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/* Disable building Xprint server and clients until we get them figured
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* out but build Xprint libraries to allow precompiled binaries such as
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* Acrobat Reader to run.
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*/
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#define XprtServer NO
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#define BuildXprintClients NO
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/* End Xorg host.def file */
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<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>There are several other options that you may want to consider. A well
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documented example file is <filename>config/cf/xorgsite.def</filename>.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Build Commands</title>
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<para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the following
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commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>sed -i -e "s@#include <linux/config.h>@/* & */@" \
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`grep -lr linux/config.h *` &&
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( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log && exit $PIPESTATUS ) &&
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make install &&
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make install.man &&
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ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &&
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ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &&
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ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Command explanations</title>
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<para><command>sed -i -e "s@#include <linux/config.h>@...</command>: The
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<application>Linux-Libc-Headers</application> package installed in
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<acronym>LFS</acronym> installs a
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<filename>/usr/include/linux/config.h</filename> file which is not compatible
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with userspace applications. The recommended fix for applications including
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this file is to remove it (see <ulink
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url="http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-headers/doc/FAQ">
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linux-libc-headers FAQ</ulink>). The <command>sed</command> uses
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<command>grep -lr</command> to replace all occurences. If you desire, just
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remove (comment) the line in the appropriate video driver file if you
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customized <filename>host.def</filename>.
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</para>
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<para><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log
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&& exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>:
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This command runs multiple <filename>Makefile</filename>s to completely rebuild
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the system. <parameter>2>&1</parameter> redirects error messages
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to the same location as standard output. The <command>tee</command> command
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allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The
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parentheses around the command runs the entire comand in a subshell and finally
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the <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result of the
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<command>make</command> is returned as the result and not the result of the
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<command>tee</command> command.</para>
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<note><para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate command
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that may be used if only minor changes are made to the sources is
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<command>make Everything</command>. This does not automatically remove generated
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files and only rebuilds those files or programs that are out of date.</para>
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</note>
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<para><screen><command>ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11
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ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11
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ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></screen>
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These commands are present to enable other (broken) packages to build against
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<application>Xorg</application>, even though the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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says: "In general, software must not be installed or managed via the above
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symbolic links. They are intended for utilization by users only."</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Configuring Xorg</title>
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<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
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<filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>.
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Run:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>ldconfig</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>Ensure <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/bin</filename>
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and <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</filename>
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are added to your <envar>PATH</envar> and <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>
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environment variables, respectively. Instructions for doing this are
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described in the section "<xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>."</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with:
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<screen><userinput><command>cd ~
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Xorg -configure</command></userinput></screen>
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The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor. This
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command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your home
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directory.</para>
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<para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system. The details
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of the file are located in the xorg.conf man page. Some
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things you may want to do are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
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You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system normally
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comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove some font
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directories completely.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Module". If you are going to install NVidia
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drivers, remove the "dri" line.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Sections "InputDevice". Specify the
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<parameter>Device</parameter> parameter to "/dev/input/mice" and
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<parameter>Protocol</parameter> to "auto" to set up your mouse. You may
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also want to change the keyboard autorepeat rate by adding
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<parameter>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</parameter>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Monitor". Specify the
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<parameter>VertRefresh</parameter> and <parameter>HorizSync</parameter> values
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if the system does not automatically detect the monitor and its values.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
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available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
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parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such as:
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<parameter>DefaultDepth 16</parameter>. In the SubSection for your default
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depth, add a modes line such as:
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<parameter> Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"</parameter>. The first mode listed
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will normally be the starting resolution.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Test the system with:
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<screen><userinput><command>X -config ~/xorg.conf.new</command></userinput></screen>
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You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor, but it
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confirms the system is working. Exit with Control-Alt-Backspace. If the
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system does not work, take a look at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename>
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to see what went wrong.</para>
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<para>Move the configuration file to its final location:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:
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<screen><userinput><command>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"</command>
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# Begin .xinitrc file
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xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
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xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
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twm
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<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is managed by a
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simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of
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<command>twm</command>, see the man page.</para>
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<note>
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<para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
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<filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this directory is
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not owned by root, <application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few
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seconds and also appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of
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other applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create
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the directory before <application>Xorg</application> uses it. Add the file
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creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> that is sourced by
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the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"</command>
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/tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
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<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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</note>
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<para>Start <application>X</application> with:
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<screen><userinput><command>startx</command></userinput></screen>
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to get a basic functional <application>X</application> Window System.</para>
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<para>At this point, you should check out <xref linkend='x-setup'/>.</para>
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<para>For a list of the package contents and a description of the commands,
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see the sections in <xref linkend='xfree86'/>.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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