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git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@792 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
205 lines
6.8 KiB
XML
205 lines
6.8 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="postlfs-config-profile">
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<?dbhtml filename="profile.html" dir="postlfs"?>
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<title>The Bash Shell Startup Files</title>
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<para>The shell program <filename>/bin/bash</filename> (hereafter
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referred to as just "the shell") uses a collection of startup files to
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help create an environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and
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may affect login and interactive environments differently.</para>
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<para>An interactive login shell is started after a successful login by
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<filename>/bin/login</filename> by reading the /etc/passwd file. An
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interactive non-login shell is started at the command line (e.g.
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[prompt]$<userinput>/bin/bash</userinput>). A non-interactive shell is
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usually present when a shell script is running. It is non-interactive
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because it is processing a script and not waiting for user input between
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commands.</para>
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<para>For more information see <filename>info bash</filename> -- Nodes:
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Bash Startup Files and Interactive Shells</para>
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<para>The following files are needed to make sure that the correct
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environment is read for each of the ways the shell can be invoked:
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<filename>/etc/profile</filename>, <filename>/etc/bashrc</filename>,
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<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>, and
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<filename>~/.bashrc</filename>. The file
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<filename>~/.bash_logout</filename> is not used for an invocation of the
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shell. It is read by the shell when a user logouts of the system. The
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files <filename>/etc/profile</filename> and
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<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> are read when the shell is invoked
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as a interactive login shell. The file <filename>~/.bashrc</filename>
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is read when the shell is invoked as an interactive non-login
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shell.</para>
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<para>Here is a base <filename>/etc/profile</filename>. Comments in the
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file should explain everything you need. For more information on the
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escape sequences you can use for your prompt (e.g. the PS1 environment
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variable) see <filename>info bash</filename> -- Node: Printing a
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Prompt.</para>
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<para><screen># Begin /etc/profile
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# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
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# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
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# System wide environment variables and startup programs.
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# System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc. Personal
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# environment variables and startup programs should go into
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# ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should go into
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# ~/.bashrc.
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# Function to help us manage paths
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pathman () {
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if ! echo $PATH | /bin/egrep -q "(^|:)$1($|:)" ; then
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if [ "$2" = "last" ] ; then
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PATH=$PATH:$1
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else
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PATH=$1:$PATH
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fi
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fi
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}
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# Add to the standard path.
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if [ $(id -u) = 0 ] ; then
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if [ -d "/usr/local/sbin" ] ; then
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pathman /usr/local/sbin last
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fi
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fi
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if [ $(id -u) != 0 ] ; then
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if [ -d "/usr/local/bin" ] ; then
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pathman /usr/local/bin last
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fi
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fi
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if [ -d "/usr/X11R6/bin" ] ; then
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pathman /usr/X11R6/bin last
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fi
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# Setup some environment variables.
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HISTSIZE=1000
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PS1="[\u@\h \w]\\$ "
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# Setup the INPUTRC environment variable.
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if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ] ; then
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INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
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fi
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# Setup for /bin/ls to support color, the alias is in /etc/bashrc.
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if [ -f "/etc/dircolors" ] ; then
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eval $(dircolors -b /etc/dircolors)
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if [ -f "$HOME/.dircolors" ] ; then
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eval $(dircolors -b $HOME/.dircolors)
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fi
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fi
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export PATH HISTSIZE PS1 LS_COLORS INPUTRC
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# End /etc/profile</screen></para>
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<para>Here is a base <filename>/etc/bashrc</filename>. Comments in the
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file should explain everything you need.</para>
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<para><screen># Begin /etc/bashrc
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# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
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# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
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# System wide aliases and functions.
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# System wide environment variables and startup programs should go into
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# /etc/profile. Personal environment variables and startup programs
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# should go into ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should
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# go into ~/.bashrc
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# By default we want the umask to get set.
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# Even for non-interactive and non-login shells.
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if [ "$(id -gn)" = "$(id -un)" -a $(id -u) -gt 99 ] ; then
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umask 002
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else
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umask 022
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fi
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# Provides a colored /bin/ls command. Used in conjunction with code in
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# /etc/profile.
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alias ls='ls --color=auto'
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# End /etc/bashrc</screen></para>
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<para>Here is a base <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>. Comments in
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the file should explain everything you need.</para>
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<para><screen># Begin ~/.bash_profile
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# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
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# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
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# Personal environment variables and startup programs.
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# Personal aliases and functions should go in ~/.bashrc. System wide
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# environment variables and startup programs are in /etc/profile.
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# System wide aliases and functions are in /etc/bashrc.
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if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ] ; then
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source $HOME/.bashrc
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fi
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if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
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pathman $HOME/bin last
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fi
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export PATH
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# End ~/.bash_profile</screen></para>
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<para>Here is a base <filename>~/.bashrc</filename>. Comments in the
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file should explain everything you need.</para>
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<para><screen># Begin ~/.bashrc
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# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
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# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
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# Personal aliases and functions.
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# Personal environment variables and startup programs should go in
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# ~/.bash_profile. System wide environment variables and startup
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# programs are in /etc/profile. System wide aliases and functions are
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# in /etc/bashrc.
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if [ -f "/etc/bashrc" ] ; then
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source /etc/bashrc
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fi
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# End ~/.bashrc</screen></para>
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<para>Here is a base <filename>~/.bash_logout</filename>. Comments in
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the file should explain everything you need. You will notice that the
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base <filename>~/.bash_logout</filename> does not include a
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<userinput>clear</userinput> command. This is because the clear is
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handled in the <filename>/etc/issue</filename> file.</para>
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<para><screen># Begin ~/.bash_logout
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# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
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# by James Robertson <jameswrobertson@earthlink.net>
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# Personal items to perform on logout.
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# End ~/.bash_logout</screen></para>
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<para>If you want to use the <filename>/etc/dircolors</filename> or
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<filename>~/.dircolors</filename> files called from
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<filename>/etc/profile</filename>, then run the following:
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<userinput>/bin/dircolors -p > /etc/dircolors</userinput> or
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<userinput>/bin/dircolors -p > ~/.dircolors</userinput> respectively.
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The file in the <filename>/etc</filename> directory should be used for
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global settings and if one exists in your home directory then it will
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overwrite the global settings. It might be a good idea to create a base
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<filename>.dircolors</filename> file and place it in the
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<filename>/etc/skel</filename> directory for new users.</para>
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<para>Ian Macdonald has written an excellent collection of tips and
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tricks to enhance your shell environment. You can read it online at
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<ulink
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url="http://www.caliban.org/bash/index.shtml">http://www.caliban.org/bash/index.shtml</ulink></para>
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</sect1>
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