mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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553 lines
21 KiB
XML
553 lines
21 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY ppp-download-http "http://samba.org/ftp/ppp/ppp-&ppp-version;.tar.gz">
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<!ENTITY ppp-download-ftp "&gentoo-ftp-repo;/ppp-&ppp-version;.tar.gz">
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<!ENTITY ppp-md5sum "4621bc56167b6953ec4071043fe0ec57">
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<!ENTITY ppp-size "920 KB">
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<!ENTITY ppp-buildsize "6.4 MB">
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<!ENTITY ppp-time "0.1 SBU">
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]>
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<sect1 id="ppp" xreflabel="PPP-&ppp-version;">
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<?dbhtml filename="ppp.html"?>
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<title>PPP-&ppp-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="ppp">
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<primary sortas="a-PPP">PPP</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title>Introduction to PPP</title>
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<para>The <application>PPP</application> package contains the
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<command>pppd</command> daemon and the <command>chat</command>
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program. This is used for connecting to other machines; often for connecting to
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the Internet via a dial-up or PPPoE connection to an ISP.</para>
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&lfs70_checked;
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&ppp-download-http;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&ppp-download-ftp;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download MD5 sum: &ppp-md5sum;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download size: &ppp-size;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated disk space required: &ppp-buildsize;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated build time: &ppp-time;</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">PPP Dependencies</bridgehead>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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<para role="optional"><xref linkend="libpcap"/> (needed to do PPP filtering)
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and <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> (to authenticate incoming calls using PAM -
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only needed by ISPs).
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</para>
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<para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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<ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/PPP"/></para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of PPP</title>
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<note id="ppp-kernel">
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<para><application>PPP</application> support (CONFIG_PPP),
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the asynchronous line discipline (CONFIG_PPP_ASYNC), the
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driver for your serial port device and/or the PPP over Ethernet
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(PPPoE) protocol driver (CONGIG_PPPOE) must be compiled into the
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kernel or loaded as kernel modules.
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Udev doesn't load the ppp_generic and pppoe modules automatically. If you
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compiled them as modules they can be loaded by the modules bootscript if
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they are mentioned in <filename>/etc/sysconfig/modules</filename>
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file.</para>
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</note>
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<indexterm zone="ppp ppp-kernel">
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<primary sortas="d-PPP-support">PPP support</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>Create (as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>)
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the group for users who may run <application>PPP</application>:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 52 pppusers</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile <application>PPP</application> by running the
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following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>rm include/linux/if_pppol2tp.h &&
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./configure --prefix=/usr &&
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make</userinput></screen>
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<para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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<para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<screen role='root'><userinput>make install &&
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install -d /etc/ppp/peers</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="commands">
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<title>Command Explanations</title>
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<para><command>rm include/linux/if_pppol2tp.h</command>:
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<application>PPP-&ppp-version;</application> contains an out of date copy
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of the kernel header <filename>linux/if_pppol2tp.h</filename>. This needs to
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be removed to <emphasis>force</emphasis> it to use the one installed in
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<filename class="directory">/usr</filename>. If you don't remove this file
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the build will still succeed (thanks to a poorly written
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<filename>Makefile</filename>) but it will fail to compile the
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<filename class="libraryfile">openl2tp.so</filename>,
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<filename class="libraryfile">pppol2tp.so</filename>,
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and <filename class="libraryfile">rp-pppoe.so</filename> plugins:</para>
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<para><command>install -d /etc/ppp/peers</command>: This command creates
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a directory for PPP peer configuration files.</para>
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<!-- FIXME: the three options below are taken from pppd/Makefile.linux file.
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They have not been tested. There are other options, such as USE_SRP=y,
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that cannot work (in this case, because libsrp is not available from
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anywhere) - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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<para><parameter>USE_PAM=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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<command>make</command> command to compile in support for PAM, usually
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needed for authenticating inbound calls against a central database.</para>
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<para><parameter>HAVE_INET6=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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<command>make</command> command to compile in support for IPv6.</para>
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<para><parameter>CBCP=y</parameter>: Add this argument to the
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<command>make</command> command to compile in support for the
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Microsoft proprietary Callback Control Protocol.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="configuration">
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<title>Configuring PPP</title>
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<sect3 id="ppp-config">
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<title>Config Files</title>
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<para><filename>/etc/ppp/*</filename></para>
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<indexterm zone="ppp ppp-config">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-ppp-star">/etc/ppp/*</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Configuration Information</title>
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<para>Add the users who may run <application>PPP</application> to the
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<systemitem class="groupname">pppusers</systemitem> group:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G pppusers <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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<para>Most internet service providers that use ppp give you a username
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and password for you to use to authenticate yourself when you connect to
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their servers. These secrets are kept in the files
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<filename>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets</filename> or
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<filename>/etc/ppp/chap-secrets</filename>. If you don't know whether
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your ISP uses CHAP or PAP then create both files and put the same content
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in both files.</para>
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<para>If you have more than one ISP account the second column
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(remotename) is used to identify between the different
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usernames/passwords needed for the different ISPs. If you only have one
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ISP account an asterisk will work fine in the second column.</para>
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<para>In this example the username given by the ISP is
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<quote>jdoe</quote>, the password is <quote>guessit</quote>, the ISP uses
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PAP and the user wants to give this account the remotename
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<quote>dialup</quote> in order to distinguish it from other PPP
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accounts:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >>/etc/ppp/pap-secrets <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal># username remotename password
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jdoe dialup guessit</literal>
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<userinput>EOF
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chmod 600 /etc/ppp/pap-secrets</userinput></screen>
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<sect4>
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<title>DNS Server Configuration</title>
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<para>If you don't run your own caching DNS server (like
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<xref linkend="bind"/>) <command>pppd</command> can ask your ISP for its
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domain name servers and put them in <filename>/etc/ppp/resolv.conf</filename>.
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If you want to use their domain name servers:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>mv /etc/resolv.conf{,.orig}
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ln -s ppp/resolv.conf /etc</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>PPPoE connections</title>
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<para>In order to configure a PPPoE connection, create a peer file that
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contains the connection details:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal>plugin rp-pppoe.so <replaceable>eth0</replaceable>
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# Your username at the ISP. This is the same as the first
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# column in /etc/ppp/*-secrets:
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user "<replaceable>jdoe</replaceable>"
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# remotename is not needed if you only have one ISP account and
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# hence an asterisk in the second column in pap or chap-secrets:
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# remotename "<replaceable>adsl</replaceable>"
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# If it's not working and you want pppd to be
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# more verbose in /var/log/sys.log, add debug:
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# debug
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# If you have a static IP address (eg, 12.34.56.78) you
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# can specify it by following it with a colon:
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# 12.34.56.78:
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# Otherwise accept whatever IP address the ISP gives you:
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noipdefault
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# The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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noauth
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hide-password
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updetach
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defaultroute
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# create /etc/ppp/resolv.conf:
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usepeerdns
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### For more details (and more options)
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### read man pppd</literal>
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<userinput>EOF
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chmod 600 /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>PPPoATM connections</title>
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<para>PPPoA connections are very similar to PPPoE, the main differences
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are that you use the pppoatm.so plugin instead of rp-pppoe.so, you don't
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specify the ethernet interface (it uses ppp0) and you need to VP/VC
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numbers that are used by your ISP (there is a list of VP/VC numbers
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<ulink url="http://www.linux-usb.org/SpeedTouch/faq/index.html#q12">here
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</ulink>)</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal>plugin pppoatm.so
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# Your VP/VC numbers. eg, in Britain it is 0.38, in
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# France they use 8.35. Google is your friend :)
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0.38
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# Your username at the ISP. This is the same as the
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# first column in /etc/ppp/*-secrets:
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user "<replaceable>jdoe</replaceable>"
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# remotename is not needed if you only have one ISP account and
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# hence an asterisk in the second column in pap or chap-secrets:
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# remotename "<replaceable>adsl</replaceable>"
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# If it's not working and you want pppd to be
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# more verbose in /var/log/sys.log, add debug:
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# debug
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# If you have a static IP address (eg, 12.34.56.78) you
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# can specify it by following it with a colon:
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# 12.34.56.78:
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# Otherwise accept whatever IP address the ISP gives you:
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noipdefault
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# The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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noauth
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hide-password
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updetach
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defaultroute
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# create /etc/ppp/resolv.conf:
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usepeerdns
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### For more details (and more options)
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### read man pppd</literal>
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<userinput>EOF
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chmod 600 /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>Dialup Modem Connection</title>
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<!-- This section has been tested with various ISPs in Yekaterinburg,
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Russia using Lucent WinModem. I cannot test it anymore, because
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there is no free PCI slot for the modem in my new computer. However,
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it is similar enough to GPRS for me to be sure that it still works,
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and nobody complained about non-working dialup on the LFS LiveCD.
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- Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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<para>Dialup connections are established with the help of a modem
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connected to a computer and the telephone line. The modem dials a
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telephone number of the ISP's modem, and they exchange data using
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the signal frequencies 300-4000 Hz. Typical data transfer
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rate is 40-50 kilobits per second, and the gateway ping time
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(latency) is up to 300-400 ms. In order to configure the
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dialup connection, it is required to know the telephone number of
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the ISP's modem pool, the username and the password.</para>
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<para>In order to configure a dialup connection, two files have to
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be created: a chat script that automates the connection procedure
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(common for all dialup accounts), and a peer file that provides
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configuration information about a specific connection to
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<command>pppd</command>:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/dialup.chat <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE'
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ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE' ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
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ABORT ERROR ABORT BLACKLISTED
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TIMEOUT 5
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'' AT
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# \T is the phone number, passed from /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>dialup</replaceable>
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OK-+++\dATH0-OK ATD\T
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TIMEOUT 75
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CONNECT \d\c</literal>
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<userinput>EOF
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cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>dialup</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal># Your username at the ISP
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user "<replaceable>jdoe</replaceable>"
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# What should be in the second column in /etc/ppp/*-secrets
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remotename "<replaceable>dialup</replaceable>"
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# Replace <replaceable>TTTTTTT</replaceable> with the ISP phone number
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connect "/usr/sbin/chat -T <replaceable>TTTTTTT</replaceable> -f /etc/ppp/dialup.chat"
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# Specify your modem serial port and speed below
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<replaceable>/dev/ttyS0</replaceable>
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<replaceable>115200</replaceable>
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# The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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updetach
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noauth
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hide-password
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debug
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lock
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defaultroute
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noipdefault
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usepeerdns</literal>
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>The first three lines of the
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<filename>/etc/ppp/dialup.chat</filename> file abort the script when
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it receives an indication of an error from the modem. Then the timeout
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is set to 5 seconds and the script checks that the modem responds to
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the dummy AT command. If not, measures are taken to dewedge it
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(by interrupting the data transfer and going on hook). Then the
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telephone number is dialed, and the script waits for the answer for
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75 seconds. The serial connection is considered established when the
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modem sends the string CONNECT.</para>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>GPRS and EDGE Connections</title>
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<!-- This section has been tested with GPRS service from MOTIV in
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Yekaterinburg, Russia. According to forum messages, the procedure
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also works with EDGE, but my cellular phone (Motorola C350) does not
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support EDGE. - Alexander E. Patrakov -->
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<para>GPRS and EDGE connections are established with the help of a
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cellular phone connected to a computer via serial, USB, or Bluetooth.
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The phone exchanges data packets with the nearest base station,
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which can be up to 35 kilometers away.
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<!-- FIXME: watch for new standards! SkyLink is already offering
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3.1 megabits per second with CDMA mobile phones, and
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the configuration below doesn't work. It is reported that
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a regular dialup setup with the telephone number "#777",
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username "mobile" and password "internet" works with SkyLink. -->
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The maximum possible data transfer rate is 170 kilobits per second
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for GPRS and 474 kilobits per second for EDGE, but many cellular
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operators impose lower limits, such as 64 kilobits per second. The
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gateway ping time is 900 ms for GPRS, which makes playing many online
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games impossible and causes connection to ICQ to be unreliable.
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In order to configure a GPRS or EDGE connection,
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it is required to know the access point name (APN) and, rarely, the
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username and the password.
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In most cases, billing is based on the telephone number, and the
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username/password pair is not needed, as assumed in the example
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below.</para>
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<para>In order to configure a GPRS connection, two files have to
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be created: a chat script that automates the connection procedure
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(common for all GPRS accounts), and a peer file that provides
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configuration information about a specific connection to
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<command>pppd</command>:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >/etc/ppp/gprs.chat <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal>ABORT BUSY ABORT 'NO CARRIER' ABORT VOICE ABORT 'NO DIALTONE'
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ABORT 'NO DIAL TONE' ABORT 'NO ANSWER' ABORT DELAYED
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ABORT ERROR ABORT BLACKLISTED
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TIMEOUT 5
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'' AT
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OK-+++\dATH0-OK ATZ
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# \T is the APN, passed from /etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>gprs</replaceable>
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# This example stores the APN as profile #1 in the phone.
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# The "telephone number", *99***<profile_number>#, is always the same.
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# If you want to store this as profile #2, change 1 to 2 in the
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# following two lines.
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OK AT+CGDCONT=<replaceable>1</replaceable>,"IP","\T"
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OK "ATD*99***<replaceable>1</replaceable>#"
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CONNECT \d\c</literal>
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<userinput>EOF
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cat >/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>gprs</replaceable> <<"EOF"</userinput>
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<literal># Replace <replaceable>inet.example.com</replaceable> with the proper APN for your provider
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connect "/usr/sbin/chat -T <replaceable>inet.example.com</replaceable> -f /etc/ppp/gprs.chat"
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# Specify your cellphone serial port and speed below
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# Note: you must manually send some vendor-specific AT commands
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# to certain old cellular phones (such as Sony-Ericsson T200)
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# in order to achieve connection speed more than 9600 bits per second.
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<replaceable>/dev/ttyS1</replaceable>
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<replaceable>115200</replaceable>
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# The settings below usually don't need to be changed
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noccp
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noauth
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updetach
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debug
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lock
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defaultroute
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noipdefault
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usepeerdns</literal>
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>Establishing the connection manually</title>
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|
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<para>In order to establish a PPP connection described by the
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<filename>/etc/ppp/peers/<replaceable>peername</replaceable></filename>
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file run (as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> or as a member
|
|
of the <systemitem class="groupname">pppusers</systemitem> group):</para>
|
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<screen><userinput>pppd call <replaceable>peername</replaceable></userinput></screen>
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|
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<para>In order to stop the connection, run:</para>
|
|
<screen><userinput>killall pppd</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<!-- There are an infinite number of ways that computers can be
|
|
connected together. Trying to write a bootscript that can cope with every
|
|
possible network configuration is the road to madness. Andrew Benton -->
|
|
|
|
<para>Writing a bootscript that brings up the connection during the boot
|
|
process is left as an exercise for the reader ;)</para>
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|
|
|
</sect4>
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|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<sect2 role="content">
|
|
<title>Contents</title>
|
|
|
|
<segmentedlist>
|
|
<segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
|
|
<segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
|
|
<segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
|
|
|
|
<seglistitem>
|
|
<seg>chat, pppd, pppdump, pppoe-discovery and pppstats</seg>
|
|
<seg>Several plugin modules installed in
|
|
<filename class='directory'>/usr/lib/pppd/&ppp-version;</filename></seg>
|
|
<seg>/etc/ppp, /usr/include/pppd and /usr/lib/pppd</seg>
|
|
</seglistitem>
|
|
</segmentedlist>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
|
|
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
|
|
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="chat">
|
|
<term><command>chat</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>defines a conversational exchange between the computer and the
|
|
modem. Its primary purpose is to establish the connection between the
|
|
Point-to-Point Protocol Daemon (PPPD) and the remote
|
|
<command>pppd</command> process.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ppp chat">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-chat">chat</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pppd">
|
|
<term><command>pppd</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>is the Point to Point Protocol daemon.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ppp pppd">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-pppd">pppd</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pppdump">
|
|
<term><command>pppdump</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>is used to convert
|
|
<application>PPP</application> record files to a readable
|
|
format.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ppp pppdump">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-pppdump">pppdump</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pppoe-discovery">
|
|
<term><command>pppoe-discovery</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>performs the same discovery process as the pppoe plugin, but
|
|
does not initiate a <application>PPP</application> session.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ppp pppoe-discovery">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-pppoe-discovery">pppoe-discovery</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="pppstats">
|
|
<term><command>pppstats</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>is used to print
|
|
<application>PPP</application> statistics.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="ppp pppstats">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-pppstats">pppstats</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|