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git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@2287 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
113 lines
5.1 KiB
XML
113 lines
5.1 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="postlfs-config-skel">
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<?dbhtml filename="skel.html"?>
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<title>Configuring for Adding Users</title>
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<para>Together, the <command>/usr/sbin/useradd</command> command and
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<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> directory (both are easy to setup and use)
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provide a way to assure new users are added on your <acronym>LFS</acronym>
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system with the same beginning settings for things like <envar>PATH</envar>,
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keyboard processing and environmental variables. Using these two facilities
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makes it easier to assure this initial state for each new user.</para>
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<para>The <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> directory holds copies of various
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initialization and other files that may be copied to the new user's home
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directory when the <command>/usr/sbin/useradd</command> program adds the new
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user.</para>
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<para><emphasis>Useradd</emphasis></para>
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<para>The <command>useradd</command> program uses a collection of
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default values kept in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>,
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if it exists. If the file does not exist, then it uses some internal
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defaults. You can see the default values by running <command>/usr/sbin/useradd
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-D</command>.</para>
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<para>To change these values to something new, create a base <filename>
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/etc/default/useradd</filename> file with the same values as the output of
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<command>/usr/sbin/useradd -D</command>. Here is a sample.</para>
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<screen># Begin /etc/default/useradd
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GROUP=100
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HOME=/home
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INACTIVE=-1
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EXPIRE=
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SHELL=
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SKEL=/etc/skel
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# End /etc/default/useradd</screen>
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<para>The only thing missing from the file is a default shell. Add that
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by running:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>/usr/sbin/useradd -D -s/bin/bash</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>This will set the <envar>SHELL</envar>= line to
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<envar>SHELL</envar>=/bin/bash.</para>
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<para><command>Useradd</command> has many parameters that
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can be set in the <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> file.</para>
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<para>For more information see <command>man useradd</command>.</para>
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<para><emphasis>/etc/skel</emphasis></para>
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<para>To get started, create an <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> directory
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and make sure it is writable only by the system administrator, usually
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root. Creating the directory as root is the best way to go.</para>
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<para>The mode of any files from this part of the book that you put in
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<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> should be writable only by the owner.
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Also, since there is no telling what kind of sensitive information a
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user may eventually place in their copy of these files, you should
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make them unreadable by "group" and "other".</para>
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<para>You can also put other files in <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> and
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different permissions may be needed for them.</para>
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<para>Decide which initialization files should be provided in every (or most)
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new user's home directory. The decisions you make will affect what you
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do in the next three sections, <xref linkend="postlfs-config-inputrc"/>,
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<xref linkend="postlfs-config-profile"/> and
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<xref linkend="postlfs-config-vimrc"/>. Some or all of those files will be
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useful for root, any already-existing users, and new users.</para>
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<para>The files from those sections that you might want to place in
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<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> include
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<filename>.inputrc</filename>, <filename>.bash_profile</filename>,
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<filename>.bashrc</filename>, <filename>.bash_logout</filename>,
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<filename>.dircolors</filename>, and <filename>.vimrc</filename>. If
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you are unsure which of these should be placed there, just continue to
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the following sections, read each section and any references provided,
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and then make your decision.</para>
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<para>You will run a slightly modified set of commands for files which
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are placed in <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>. Each section will remind
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you of this. In brief, the book's commands have been written for files
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> added to <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> and
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just send the results to the user's home directory. If the file is going
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to be in <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>, change the book's command(s) to
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send output there instead and then just copy the file from
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<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> to the appropriate directories, like
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<filename class="directory">/etc</filename>, <filename class="directory">~</filename> or the home directory
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of any other user already in the system.</para>
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<para><emphasis>When Adding a User</emphasis></para>
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<para>When adding a new user with <command>useradd</command>, use
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the <option>-m</option> parameter, which tells
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<command>useradd</command> to create the user's home directory and
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copy files from <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename> (can be overridden) to
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the new user's home directory. For example:</para>
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<screen><command>useradd -m jwrober</command></screen>
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</sect1>
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