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113 lines
6.3 KiB
XML
113 lines
6.3 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<chapter id="x-window-system" xreflabel="a graphical environment">
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<?dbhtml filename="installing.html" ?>
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<title>Graphical Environments</title>
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<para>
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This chapter contains instructions to build and configure a graphical
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user environment.
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</para>
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<!-- Historical but not very useful now
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<para>
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<application>Xorg</application>, in addition to clearing up some
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licensing issues with <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86</ulink>,
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introduced a completely auto-tooled build for the X Window system. This
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means that the packages build and install using the conventional
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<command>configure</command>, <command>make</command>, and <command>make
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install</command> commands, as opposed to a proprietary build system that
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required hand editing of configuration parameters in a C-like syntax.
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>Xorg</application> also brought with it a modular build
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system. While this separation into modules resulted in full control of the
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features available to the X server on any given installation, it also made
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the installation more tedious as it requires installing more than 100
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different packages to obtain a functional X Window environment. Most large
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commercial distributions have elected to use <application>Xorg</application>
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over the <application>XFree86</application> distribution due to both
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licensing issues and the increased functionality provided by it over
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<application>XFree86</application>. With the modular build system, also came
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incremental updates to individual packages. The distribution of
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<application>Xorg</application> is given a release number by the developers,
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in this case Xorg-&xorg-version;, and is referred to as the "katamari" by
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the upstream developers.
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</para>
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<para>
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Additionally, the BLFS book appends a build number
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to the end of version string to indicate whether a group of incremental
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updates has been applied, while still retaining the versioning scheme of the
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upstream developers. For instance, Xorg-&xorg-version;-1 would indicate that
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this is the 1st release, and is consistent with the katamari, while
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Xorg-&xorg-version;-2 would indicate that individual package updates have
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been applied to the katamari.
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</para>
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-->
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<para>
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For a long time the only graphical environment usable with GNU/Linux has
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been the <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis>. It uses a client/server
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model which allows writing applications completely independent of
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the graphical hardware. This has the drawback that accessing modern
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hardware acceleration is difficult, so that other approaches are developed.
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Two new systems are available: <emphasis>Wayland</emphasis> and
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<emphasis>Vulkan</emphasis>. The former is a simpler replacement for
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X, easier to develop and maintain, using the OpenGL framework. The main
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desktop environments GNOME and KDE have been ported to it. The later allows
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direct access to graphical hardware through a portable interface. It is
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newer and not yet included in BLFS.
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</para>
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<para>
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This chapter provides the basic components of the X Window System and
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Wayland. For X, the chosen implementation is Xorg, which is a modular
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implementation and requires more than 100 packages to be installed.
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The distribution of Xorg is given a release number by the developers,
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in this case Xorg-&xorg-version;, and is referred to as the "katamari" by
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the upstream developers. Individual packages are updated as needed without
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changing this number.
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</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg7.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="util-macros.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorgproto.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXau.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXdmcp.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-proto.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcb.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7lib.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcvt.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-image.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-keysyms.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-renderutil.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-wm.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-cursor.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="mesa.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xbitmaps.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7app.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcursor-themes.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7font.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xkeyboard-config.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xwayland.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-server.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7driver.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="twm.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xterm.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xclock.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xinit.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-config.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="tuning-fontconfig.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TTF-and-OTF-fonts.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7legacy.xml"/>
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</chapter>
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