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https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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8ee3e19c38
Update to xapian-core-1.2.23.
Update to Archive-Zip-1.57.
Update to qemu-2.5.1.
Update to audacious-{,plugins)-3.7.1.
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@17208 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
585 lines
19 KiB
XML
585 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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<!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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<!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "42e73182dea8b9213fa7050e168a4615">
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<!ENTITY qemu-size "24 MB">
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<!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "397 MB (with tests)">
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<!ENTITY qemu-time "2.8 SBU (with tests)">
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]>
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<sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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<?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="qemu">
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<primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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<para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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AMD-V).</para>
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&lfs79_checked;
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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<para role="required">
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<xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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<xref linkend="python2"/>, and
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<xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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</para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Recommended</bridgehead>
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<para role="recommended">
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<xref linkend="sdl"/>
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</para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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<para role="optional">
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<xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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<xref linkend="bluez"/>,
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<xref linkend="check"/>,
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<xref linkend="curl"/>,
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<xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>,
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<xref linkend="gnutls"/>,
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<xref linkend="gtk2"/>,
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<xref linkend="gtk3"/>,
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<xref linkend="libusb"/>,
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<xref linkend="libgcrypt"/>,
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<xref linkend="lzo"/>,
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<xref linkend="nettle"/>,
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<xref linkend="nss"/> (for libcacard.so),
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<xref linkend="mesa"/>,
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<xref linkend="sdl"/>,
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<xref linkend="vte"/>,
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<ulink url="http://www.libssh2.org">libssh2</ulink>
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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This optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the output of
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<command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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<ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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<title>KVM Prerequisites</title>
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<para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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<screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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<para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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LFS instance.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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<title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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<para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration and
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recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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<screen><literal>[*] Virtualization: ---> [CONFIG_VIRTUALIZATION]
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<*/M> Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support [CONFIG_KVM]
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<*/M> KVM for Intel processors support [CONFIG_KVM_INTEL]
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<*/M> KVM for AMD processors support [CONFIG_KVM_AMD]</literal></screen>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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<primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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your system processor is required.</para>
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<para>For networking, check that <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is installed
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and the following options in the kernel configuration are enabled:</para>
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<screen><literal>[*] Networking support ---> [CONFIG_NET]
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Networking options --->
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<*/M> 802.1d Ethernet Bridging [CONFIG_BRIDGE]
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Device Drivers --->
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[*] Network device support ---> [CONFIG_NETDEVICES]
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<*/M> Universal TUN/TAP device driver support [CONFIG_TUN]</literal></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of qemu</title>
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<para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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commands:</para>
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<note><para>Qemu is capable of running many targets. The build process
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is also capable of building multiple targets at one time in a
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comma delimited list assigned to <option>--target-list</option>. Run
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<command>./configure --help</command> to get a complete list of
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available targets.</para></note>
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<screen><userinput>if [ $(uname -m) = i686 ]; then
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QEMU_ARCH=i386-softmmu
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else
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QEMU_ARCH=x86_64-softmmu
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fi
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mkdir -vp build &&
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cd build &&
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../configure --prefix=/usr \
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--sysconfdir=/etc \
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--target-list=$QEMU_ARCH \
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--audio-drv-list=alsa \
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--docdir=/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version; &&
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unset QEMU_ARCH &&
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make</userinput></screen>
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<para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 -k check</command>.
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One test is known to fail.</para>
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<para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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You will need a dedicated group that will contain users (other than root)
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allowed to access the KVM device. Create this group by running the
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following command as the
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<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>groupadd -g 61 kvm</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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Add any users that might use the KVM device to that group:
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>usermod -a -G kvm <replaceable><username></replaceable></userinput></screen>
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<para>
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You will also need to add a Udev rule so that the KVM device gets correct
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permissions:
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</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /lib/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules << "EOF"
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<literal>KERNEL=="kvm", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<note>
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<para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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the installed program. For instance:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-`uname -m` /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="commands">
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<title>Command Explanations</title>
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<para>
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<parameter>--audio-drv-list=alsa</parameter>: This switch sets the audio
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driver to ALSA. For other drivers see the --audio-drv-list list in
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<command>configure</command>'s help output. The default audio driver is
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OSS.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="configuration">
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<title>Configuring qemu</title>
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<para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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<para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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is used.</para>
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<note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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<userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X Window System based terminal
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(either locally or over ssh).</para></note>
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<para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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a pre-installed cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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<filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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directory. Run the following:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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-cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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-boot d \
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-m 384</userinput></screen>
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<para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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(first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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for hardware acceleration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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relatively slow.</para>
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<para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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<para>You may have problem with <parameter>-enable-kvm</parameter>. Also,
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you may want to define audio and video drivers, number of cpu cores and
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threads. An alternative command to install the operating system is (see qemu
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man page for the parameters definitions):</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm \
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-cdrom /home/fernando/ISO/linuxmint-17.1-mate-32bit.iso \
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-boot order=d \
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-m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G \
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-machine smm=off \
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-soundhw es1370 \
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-cpu host \
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-smp cores=4,threads=2 \
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-vga std \
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vdisk.img</userinput></screen>
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<para>One parameter not appearing in the qemu man page is
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<parameter>-machine smm=off</parameter>, and is used to allow
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<parameter>-enable-kvm</parameter> in some systems. In order to run the
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machine, you can alternatively issue:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm \
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-machine smm=off \
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-boot order=d \
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-m 1G,slots=3,maxmem=4G \
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-soundhw es1370 \
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-cpu host \
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-smp cores=4,threads=2 \
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-vga vmware \
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-hda vdisk.img</userinput></screen>
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<para>Sometimes, you want the machine to have different screen sizes than
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the ones natively offered by the virtual grahics card. The example below is
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for qemu vmware graphics card, which uses <xref
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linkend="xorg-vmmouse-driver"/> and is set to give maximum screen size of
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1600x900. As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
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issue:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-vmware.conf << "EOF"
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<literal>Section "Monitor"
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Identifier "Monitor0"
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# cvt 1600 900
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# 1600x900 59.95 Hz (CVT 1.44M9) hsync: 55.99 kHz; pclk: 118.25 MHz
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Modeline "1600x900" 118.25 1600 1696 1856 2112 900 903 908 934 -hsync +vsync
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Option "PreferredMode" "1600x900"
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HorizSync 1-200
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VertRefresh 1-200
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EndSection
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Section "Device"
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Identifier "VMware SVGA II Adapter"
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Option "Monitor" "default"
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Driver "vmware"
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EndSection
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Section "Screen"
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Identifier "Default Screen"
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Device "VMware SVGA II Adapter"
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Monitor "Monitor0"
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SubSection "Display"
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Depth 24
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Modes "1600x900" "1440x900" "1366x768" "1280x720" "800x480"
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EndSubSection
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EndSection</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>New sizes will be available besides the native ones. You need to
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restart X in order to have the new sizes available.</para>
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<para><!--To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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command above. -->qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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<para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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<para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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<filename>/etc/sysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Allow the network connection when running as a part of the
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kvm group:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>chgrp kvm /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper &&
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chmod 4750 /usr/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper</userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Set up a required configuration file:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>echo 'allow br0' > /etc/qemu/bridge.conf</userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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<!--
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<listitem>
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<para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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switch=br0
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if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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# Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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/sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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sleep 0.5s
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/usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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else
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echo "Error: no interface specified"
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exit 1
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fi
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exit 0
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EOF
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chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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switch=br0
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if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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# Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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/usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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else
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echo "Error: no interface specified"
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exit 1
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fi
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exit 0
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EOF
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chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<note><para>The backslashes in the above script are for convenience
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for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact"> -->
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<listitem>
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<!--<para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>-->
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<para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net bridge" options. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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client VM is desired, the client should be configured
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with a static IP address.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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|
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="content">
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<title>Contents</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Library</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>
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ivshmem-client,
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ivshmem-server,
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qemu (symlink),
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qemu-ga,
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qemu-img,
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qemu-io,
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qemu-nbd,
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qemu-system-<arch>,
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virtfs-proxy-helper, and
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vscclient
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</seg>
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<seg>libcacard.so</seg>
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<seg>
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/etc/qemu and
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/usr/share/doc/qemu-&qemu-version;
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</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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|
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<variablelist>
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|
<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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|
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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|
<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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|
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<varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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|
<term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
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|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
|
|
events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
|
|
using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="qemu-img">
|
|
<term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="qemu-io">
|
|
<term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
|
|
media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
|
|
<term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
|
|
Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="qemu-system">
|
|
<term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="virtfs-proxy-helper">
|
|
<term><command>virtfs-proxy-helper</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>creates a socket pair or a named socket. QEMU and proxy helper
|
|
communicate using this socket. QEMU proxy fs driver sends
|
|
filesystem request to proxy helper and receives the response
|
|
from it.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu virtfs-proxy-helper">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-virtfs-proxy-helper">virtfs-proxy-helper</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="vscclient">
|
|
<term><command>vscclient</command></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>implements a sockets interface to the virtual CCID reader
|
|
on the guest.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu vscclient">
|
|
<primary sortas="b-vscclient">vscclient</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry id="libcacard">
|
|
<term><filename class="libraryfile">libcacard.so</filename></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>is the Virtual Smart Card Emulator library.</para>
|
|
<indexterm zone="qemu libcacard">
|
|
<primary sortas="c-libcacard">libcacard.so</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|