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7f41c4ae39
Well, Vulkan is not an alternative of X, nor Wayland. It's an alternative of OpenGL. Change "libvulkan" to "Vulkan-Loader" by the way. "libvulkan" is a library, and Vulkan-Loader is the name of the package providing it. The URL is also updated because there is no download link at vulkan.org.
110 lines
6.0 KiB
XML
110 lines
6.0 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<chapter id="x-window-system" xreflabel="a graphical environment">
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<?dbhtml filename="installing.html" ?>
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<title>Graphical Environments</title>
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<para>
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This chapter contains instructions to build and configure a graphical
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user environment.
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</para>
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<!-- Historical but not very useful now
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<para>
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<application>Xorg</application>, in addition to clearing up some
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licensing issues with <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86</ulink>,
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introduced a completely auto-tooled build for the X Window system. This
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means that the packages build and install using the conventional
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<command>configure</command>, <command>make</command>, and <command>make
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install</command> commands, as opposed to a proprietary build system that
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required hand editing of configuration parameters in a C-like syntax.
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>Xorg</application> also brought with it a modular build
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system. While this separation into modules resulted in full control of the
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features available to the X server on any given installation, it also made
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the installation more tedious as it requires installing more than 100
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different packages to obtain a functional X Window environment. Most large
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commercial distributions have elected to use <application>Xorg</application>
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over the <application>XFree86</application> distribution due to both
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licensing issues and the increased functionality provided by it over
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<application>XFree86</application>. With the modular build system, also came
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incremental updates to individual packages. The distribution of
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<application>Xorg</application> is given a release number by the developers,
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in this case Xorg-&xorg-version;, and is referred to as the "katamari" by
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the upstream developers.
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</para>
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<para>
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Additionally, the BLFS book appends a build number
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to the end of version string to indicate whether a group of incremental
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updates has been applied, while still retaining the versioning scheme of the
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upstream developers. For instance, Xorg-&xorg-version;-1 would indicate that
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this is the 1st release, and is consistent with the katamari, while
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Xorg-&xorg-version;-2 would indicate that individual package updates have
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been applied to the katamari.
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</para>
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-->
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<para>
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For a long time the only graphical environment usable with GNU/Linux has
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been the <emphasis>X Window System</emphasis>. It uses a client/server
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model which allows writing applications completely independent of
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the graphical hardware. This has the drawback that accessing modern
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hardware acceleration is difficult, so another approach named
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<emphasis>Wayland</emphasis> is developed.
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It is a simpler replacement for X, easier to develop and maintain, using
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the OpenGL framework. The main desktop environments GNOME and KDE have
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been ported to it.
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</para>
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<para>
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This chapter provides the basic components of the X Window System and
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Wayland. For X, the chosen implementation is Xorg, which is a modular
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implementation and requires more than 100 packages to be installed. The
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distribution of Xorg is given a release number by the developers, in this
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case Xorg-&xorg-version;. Individual packages are updated as needed without
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changing this number.
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</para>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg7.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="util-macros.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorgproto.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXau.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libXdmcp.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-proto.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcb.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7lib.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="libxcvt.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-image.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-keysyms.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-renderutil.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-wm.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcb-util-cursor.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="mesa.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xbitmaps.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7app.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xcursor-themes.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7font.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xkeyboard-config.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xwayland.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-server.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7driver.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="twm.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xterm.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xclock.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xinit.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="xorg-config.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="tuning-fontconfig.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="TTF-and-OTF-fonts.xml"/>
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<xi:include xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="x7legacy.xml"/>
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</chapter>
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