mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
synced 2025-01-24 23:32:12 +08:00
81a73ed8b2
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@22886 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
161 lines
8.5 KiB
XML
161 lines
8.5 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
|
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
|
|
<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
|
|
%general-entities;
|
|
]>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="postlfs-users-groups" xreflabel="About System Users and Groups">
|
|
<?dbhtml filename="users.html"?>
|
|
|
|
<sect1info>
|
|
<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
|
|
<date>$Date$</date>
|
|
</sect1info>
|
|
|
|
<title>About System Users and Groups</title>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="postlfs-users-groups">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-etc-passwd">/etc/passwd</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="postlfs-users-groups">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-etc-group">/etc/group</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="postlfs-users-groups">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Throughout BLFS, many packages install programs that run as daemons or in
|
|
some way should have a user or group name assigned. Generally these
|
|
names are used to map a user ID (uid) or group ID (gid) for system use.
|
|
Generally the specific uid or gid numbers used by these applications are
|
|
not significant. The exception of course, is that <systemitem
|
|
class='username'>root</systemitem> has a uid and gid of 0 (zero) that
|
|
is indeed special. The uid values are stored in
|
|
<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and the gid values are found in
|
|
<filename>/etc/group</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Customarily, Unix systems classify users and groups into two categories:
|
|
system users and regular users. The system users and groups are given
|
|
low numbers and regular users and groups have numeric values greater
|
|
than all the system values. The cutoff for these numbers is found in
|
|
two parameters in the <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> configuration
|
|
file. The default UID_MIN value is 1000 and the default GID_MIN value
|
|
is 1000. If a specific uid or gid value is not specified when creating
|
|
a user with <command>useradd</command> or a group with
|
|
<command>groupadd</command> the values assigned will always be above
|
|
these cutoff values.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Additionally, the <ulink url=
|
|
"http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_4.1.0/LSB-Core-generic/LSB-Core-generic/usernames.html">
|
|
Linux Standard Base</ulink> recommends that system uid and gid values
|
|
should be below 100.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Below is a table of suggested uid/gid values used in BLFS beyond those
|
|
defined in a base LFS installation. These can be changed as desired, but
|
|
provide a suggested set of consistent values.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<table id="uidgid" class="uidvalues">
|
|
<title>UID/GID Suggested Values</title>
|
|
<?dbfo table-width="2in" ?>
|
|
<tgroup cols="3">
|
|
<colspec colnum="1" colwidth="1.2in"/>
|
|
<colspec colnum="2" colwidth=".4in"/>
|
|
<colspec colnum="3" colwidth=".4in"/>
|
|
<thead>
|
|
<row><entry>Name</entry><entry>uid</entry><entry>gid</entry></row>
|
|
</thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<row><entry>bin </entry><entry> 1</entry><entry> </entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>lp </entry><entry> 9</entry><entry> </entry></row>
|
|
<!--<row><entry>usb </entry><entry> </entry><entry>14</entry></row> -->
|
|
<row><entry>adm </entry><entry> </entry><entry>16</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>atd </entry><entry>17</entry><entry>17</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>messagebus</entry><entry>18</entry><entry>18</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>lpadmin </entry><entry></entry><entry>19</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>named </entry><entry>20</entry><entry>20</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>gdm </entry><entry>21</entry><entry>21</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>fcron </entry><entry>22</entry><entry>22</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-journal</entry><entry></entry><entry>23</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>apache </entry><entry>25</entry><entry>25</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>smmsp </entry><entry>26</entry><entry>26</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>polkitd </entry><entry>27</entry><entry>27</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>rpc </entry><entry>28</entry><entry>28</entry></row>
|
|
<!-- <row><entry>courier </entry><entry>30</entry><entry>30</entry></row> -->
|
|
<row><entry>exim </entry><entry>31</entry><entry>31</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>postfix </entry><entry>32</entry><entry>32</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>postdrop</entry><entry> </entry><entry>33</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>sendmail</entry><entry>34</entry><entry> </entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>mail </entry><entry> </entry><entry>34</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>vmailman</entry><entry>35</entry><entry>35</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>news </entry><entry>36</entry><entry>36</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>kdm </entry><entry>37</entry><entry>37</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>fetchmail</entry><entry>38</entry><entry> </entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>mysql </entry><entry>40</entry><entry>40</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>postgres</entry><entry>41</entry><entry>41</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>dovecot </entry><entry>42</entry><entry>42</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>dovenull</entry><entry>43</entry><entry>43</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>ftp </entry><entry>45</entry><entry>45</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>proftpd </entry><entry>46</entry><entry>46</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>vsftpd </entry><entry>47</entry><entry>47</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>rsyncd </entry><entry>48</entry><entry>48</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>sshd </entry><entry>50</entry><entry>50</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>stunnel </entry><entry>51</entry><entry>51</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>svn </entry><entry>56</entry><entry>56</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>svntest </entry><entry> </entry><entry>57</entry></row>
|
|
<!-- <row><entry>pulse </entry><entry>58</entry><entry>58</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>pulse-access</entry><entry></entry><entry>59</entry></row>
|
|
-->
|
|
<row><entry>games </entry><entry>60</entry><entry>60</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>kvm </entry><entry> </entry><entry>61</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>wireshark</entry><entry> </entry><entry>62</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>lightdm </entry><entry>63</entry><entry>63</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>sddm </entry><entry>64</entry><entry>64</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>lightdm </entry><entry>65</entry><entry>65</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>scanner </entry><entry> </entry><entry>70</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>colord </entry><entry>71</entry><entry>71</entry></row>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Begin systemd specific users and groups -->
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-bus-proxy</entry><entry>72</entry><entry>72</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-journal-gateway</entry><entry>73</entry><entry>73</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-journal-remote</entry><entry>74</entry><entry>74</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-journal-upload</entry><entry>75</entry><entry>75</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-network</entry><entry>76</entry><entry>76</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-resolve</entry><entry>77</entry><entry>77</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-timesync</entry><entry>78</entry><entry>78</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>systemd-coredump</entry><entry>79</entry><entry>79</entry></row>
|
|
<!-- End systemd specific users and groups -->
|
|
|
|
<row><entry>ldap </entry><entry>83</entry><entry>83</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>avahi </entry><entry>84</entry><entry>84</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>avahi-autoipd</entry><entry>85</entry><entry>85</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>netdev </entry><entry> </entry><entry>86</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>ntp </entry><entry>87</entry><entry>87</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>unbound </entry><entry>88</entry><entry>88</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>plugdev </entry><entry> </entry><entry>90</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>wheel </entry><entry> </entry><entry>97</entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>anonymous</entry><entry>98</entry><entry> </entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>nobody </entry><entry>99</entry><entry> </entry></row>
|
|
<row><entry>nogroup </entry><entry> </entry><entry>99</entry></row>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</tgroup>
|
|
</table>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
One value that is missing is 65534. This value is customarily assigned
|
|
to the user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> and group
|
|
<systemitem class="groupname">nogroup</systemitem> and is unnecessary.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|