mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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55e186207f
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@8656 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
639 lines
23 KiB
XML
639 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY shadow-download-http " ">
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<!ENTITY shadow-download-ftp "ftp://pkg-shadow.alioth.debian.org/pub/pkg-shadow/shadow-&shadow-version;.tar.bz2">
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<!ENTITY shadow-md5sum "d593a9cab93c48ee0a6ba056db8c1997">
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<!ENTITY shadow-size "1.8 MB">
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<!ENTITY shadow-buildsize "30 MB">
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<!ENTITY shadow-time "0.3 SBU">
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]>
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<sect1 id="shadow" xreflabel="Shadow-&shadow-version;">
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<?dbhtml filename="shadow.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="shadow">
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<primary sortas="a-Shadow">Shadow</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title>Introduction to Shadow</title>
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<para><application>Shadow</application> was indeed installed in LFS and
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there is no reason to reinstall it unless you installed
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<application>CrackLib</application> or
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<application>Linux-PAM</application> after your LFS system was completed.
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If you have installed <application>CrackLib</application> after LFS, then
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reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> will enable strong password
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support. If you have installed <application>Linux-PAM</application>,
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reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> will allow programs such as
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<command>login</command> and <command>su</command> to utilize PAM.</para>
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&lfs67_checked;
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&shadow-download-http;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&shadow-download-ftp;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download MD5 sum: &shadow-md5sum;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download size: &shadow-size;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated disk space required: &shadow-buildsize;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated build time: &shadow-time;</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<!-- <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem>
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<para>Required patch: <ulink
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url="&patch-root;/shadow-&shadow-version;-useradd_fix-2.patch"/></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist> -->
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Shadow Dependencies</bridgehead>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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<para role="required"><xref linkend="linux-pam"/> and/or
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<xref linkend="cracklib"/></para>
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<para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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<ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/shadow"/></para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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<important>
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<para>The installation commands shown below are for installations where
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<application>Linux-PAM</application> has been installed (with or
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without a <application>CrackLib</application> installation) and
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<application>Shadow</application> is being reinstalled to support the
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<application>Linux-PAM</application> installation.</para>
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<para> If you are reinstalling <application>Shadow</application> to
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provide strong password support using the
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<application>CrackLib</application> library without using
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<application>Linux-PAM</application>, ensure you add the
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<parameter>--with-libcrack</parameter> parameter to the
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<command>configure</command> script below and also issue the following
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command:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's@DICTPATH.*@DICTPATH\t/lib/cracklib/pw_dict@' etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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</important>
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<para>Reinstall <application>Shadow</application> by running the following
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commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in &&
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find man -name Makefile.in -exec sed -i 's/groups\.1 / /' {} \; &&
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sed -i -e 's/ ko//' -e 's/ zh_CN zh_TW//' man/Makefile.in &&
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sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5@' \
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-e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs &&
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./configure --sysconfdir=/etc &&
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make</userinput></screen>
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<para>This package does not come with a test suite.</para>
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<para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="commands">
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<title>Command Explanations</title>
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<para><command>sed -i 's/groups$(EXEEXT) //' src/Makefile.in</command>:
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This command is used to suppress the installation of the
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<command>groups</command> program as the version from the
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<application>Coreutils</application> package installed during LFS is
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preferred.</para>
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<para><command>find man -name Makefile.in -exec ... {} \;</command>: This
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command is used to suppress the installation of the
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<command>groups</command> man pages so the existing ones installed from
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the <application>Coreutils</application> package are not replaced.</para>
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<para><command>sed -i -e '...' -e '...' man/Makefile.in</command>: This
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command disables the installation of Chinese and Korean manual pages, since
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<application>Man-DB</application> cannot format them properly.</para>
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<para><command>sed -i -e 's@#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES@ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5@'
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-e 's@/var/spool/mail@/var/mail@' etc/login.defs</command>:
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Instead of using the default 'crypt' method, this command modifies the
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installation to use the more secure 'MD5' method of password encryption,
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which also allows passwords longer than eight characters. It also changes
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the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename>
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location for user mailboxes that <application>Shadow</application> uses by
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default to the <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename>
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location.</para>
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<para><command>mv -v /usr/bin/passwd /bin</command>: The
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<command>passwd</command> program may be needed during times when the
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<filename class='directory'>/usr</filename> filesystem is not mounted so
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it is moved into the root partition.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="configuration">
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<title>Configuring Shadow</title>
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<para><application>Shadow</application>'s stock configuration for the
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<command>useradd</command> utility may not be desirable for your
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installation. One default parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to
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create a mailbox file for any newly created user.
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<command>useradd</command> will make the group ownership of this file to
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the <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660
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permissions. If you would prefer that these mailbox files are not created
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by <command>useradd</command>, issue the
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following command as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="configuration">
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<title>Configuring Linux-PAM to Work with Shadow</title>
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<note>
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<para>The rest of this page is devoted to configuring
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<application>Shadow</application> to work properly with
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<application>Linux-PAM</application>. If you do not have
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<application>Linux-PAM</application> installed, and you reinstalled
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<application>Shadow</application> to support strong passwords via
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the <application>CrackLib</application> library, no further configuration
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is required.</para>
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</note>
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<sect3 id="pam.d">
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<title>Config Files</title>
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<para><filename>/etc/pam.d/*</filename> or alternatively
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<filename>/etc/pam.conf, /etc/login.defs, and
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/etc/security/*</filename></para>
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<indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-pam.d">/etc/pam.d/*</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-pam.conf">/etc/pam.conf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<indexterm zone="shadow pam.d">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-security">/etc/security/*</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Configuration Information</title>
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<para>Configuring your system to use <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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can be a complex task. The information below will provide a basic setup
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so that <application>Shadow</application>'s login and password
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functionality will work effectively with
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<application>Linux-PAM</application>. Review the information and links on
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the <xref linkend="linux-pam"/> page for further configuration
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information. For information specific to integrating
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<application>Shadow</application>, <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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and <application>CrackLib</application>, you can visit the following
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links:</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink
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url="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/pam/Linux-PAM-html/sag-pam_cracklib.html"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><ulink
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url="http://www.deer-run.com/~hal/sysadmin/pam_cracklib.html"/></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<sect4 id="pam-login-defs">
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<title>Configuring /etc/login.defs</title>
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<para>The <command>login</command> program currently performs many
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functions which <application>Linux-PAM</application> modules should
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now handle. The following <command>sed</command> command will comment
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out the appropriate lines in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and
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stop <command>login</command> from performing these functions (a backup
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file named <filename>/etc/login.defs.orig</filename> is also created
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to preserve the original file's contents). Issue the following commands
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as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<indexterm zone="shadow pam-login-defs">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-login.defs">/etc/login.defs</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>install -v -m644 /etc/login.defs /etc/login.defs.orig &&
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for FUNCTION in LASTLOG_ENAB MAIL_CHECK_ENAB \
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PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB CONSOLE \
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MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PASS_MIN_LEN \
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SU_WHEEL_ONLY MD5_CRYPT_ENAB \
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CONSOLE_GROUPS ENVIRON_FILE \
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ULIMIT ENV_TZ ENV_HZ ENV_SUPATH \
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ENV_PATH QMAIL_DIR MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE \
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CHFN_AUTH FAILLOG_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB FTMP_FILE \
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OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB CRACKLIB_DICTPATH \
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PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_ALWAYS_WARN ISSUE_FILE
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do
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sed -i "s/^$FUNCTION/# &/" /etc/login.defs
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done</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>Configuring the /etc/pam.d/ Files</title>
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<para>As mentioned previously in the
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<application>Linux-PAM</application> instructions,
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<application>Linux-PAM</application> has two supported methods for
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configuration. The commands below assume that you've chosen to use
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a directory based configuration, where each program has its own
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configuration file. You can optionally use a single
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<filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> configuration file by using the
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text from the files below, and supplying the program name as an
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additional first field for each line.</para>
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<para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
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replace the following <application>Linux-PAM</application>
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configuration files in the
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<filename class="directory">/etc/pam.d/</filename> directory (or
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add the contents to the <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> file) using
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the following commands:</para>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'system-account'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-account << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-account
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account required pam_unix.so
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# End /etc/pam.d/system-account</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'system-auth'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-auth << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-auth
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auth required pam_unix.so
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# End /etc/pam.d/system-auth</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'system-passwd' (with cracklib)</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
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# check new passwords for strength (man pam_cracklib)
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password required pam_cracklib.so type=Linux retry=3 difok=5 \
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difignore=23 minlen=9 dcredit=1 \
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ucredit=1 lcredit=1 ocredit=1 \
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dictpath=/lib/cracklib/pw_dict
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# use sha512 hash for encryption, use shadow, and use the
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# authentication token (chosen password) set by pam_cracklib
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# above (or any previous modules)
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password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow use_authtok
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# End /etc/pam.d/system-password</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<note><para>In its default configuration, owing to credits,
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pam_cracklib will allow multiple case passwords as short as 6
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characters, even with the <parameter>minlen</parameter> value
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set to 11. You should review the pam_cracklib(8) man page and
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determine if these default values are acceptable for the security
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of your system.</para></note>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'system-passwd' (without cracklib)</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-password << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-password
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# use sha512 hash for encryption, use shadow, and try to use any perviously
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# defined authentication token (chosen password) set by any prior module
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password required pam_unix.so sha512 shadow try_first_pass
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# End /etc/pam.d/system-password</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'system-session'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/system-session << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/system-session
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session required pam_unix.so
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# End /etc/pam.d/system-session</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'login'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/login << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/login
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# Set failure delay before next prompt to 3 seconds
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auth optional pam_faildelay.so delay=3000000
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# Check to make sure that the user is allowed to login
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auth requisite pam_nologin.so
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# Check to make sure that root is allowed to login
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auth required pam_securetty.so
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# Additional group memberships - disabled by default
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#auth optional pam_group.so
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# include the default auth settings
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auth include system-auth
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# check access for the user
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account required pam_access.so
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# include the default account settings
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account include system-account
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# Set default environment variables for the user
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session required pam_env.so
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# Set resource limits for the user
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session required pam_limits.so
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# Display date of last login - Disabled by default
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#session optional pam_lastlog.so
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# Display the message of the day - Disabled by default
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#session optional pam_motd.so
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# Check user's mail - Disabled by default
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#session optional pam_mail.so standard quiet
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# Use xauth keys (if available)
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session optional pam_xauth.so
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# include the default session and password settings
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session include system-session
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password include system-password
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# End /etc/pam.d/login</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'passwd'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/passwd << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/passwd
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password include system-password
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# End /etc/pam.d/passwd</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'su'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/su << "EOF"
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<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/su
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# always allow root
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auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
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auth include system-auth
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# include the default account settings
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account include system-account
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# Use xauth keys (if available)
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session optional pam_xauth.so
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# Set default environment variables for the service user
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session required pam_env.so
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# include system session defaults
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session include system-session
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# End /etc/pam.d/su</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect4>
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<sect4>
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<title>'chage'</title>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/chage << "EOF"
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<literal>#Begin /etc/pam.d/chage
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# always allow root
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auth sufficient pam_rootok.so
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# include system defaults for auth account and session
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|
auth include system-auth
|
|
account include system-account
|
|
session include system-session
|
|
|
|
# Always permit for authentication updates
|
|
password required pam_permit.so
|
|
|
|
# End /etc/pam.d/chage</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>'chfn', 'chgpasswd', 'chgpasswd', 'chsh', 'groupadd',
|
|
'groupdel', 'groupmems', 'groupmod', 'newusers', 'useradd', 'userdel'
|
|
and 'usermod'</title>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>for PROGRAM in chfn chgpasswd chpasswd chsh groupadd groupdel \
|
|
groupmems groupmod newusers useradd userdel usermod
|
|
do
|
|
install -v -m644 /etc/pam.d/chage /etc/pam.d/$PROGRAM
|
|
sed -i "s/chage/$PROGRAM/" /etc/pam.d/$PROGRAM
|
|
done</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>At this point, you should do a simple test to see if
|
|
<application>Shadow</application> is working as expected. Open
|
|
another terminal and log in as a user, then <command>su</command> to
|
|
<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. If you do not see any
|
|
errors, then all is well and you should proceed with the rest of the
|
|
configuration. If you did receive errors, stop now and double check
|
|
the above configuration files manually. You can also run the test
|
|
suite from the <application>Linux-PAM</application> package to assist
|
|
you in determining the problem. If you cannot find and
|
|
fix the error, you should recompile <application>Shadow</application>
|
|
adding the <option>--without-libpam</option> switch to the
|
|
<command>configure</command> command in the above instructions
|
|
(also move the <filename>/etc/login.defs.orig</filename> backup
|
|
file to <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>). If you
|
|
fail to do this and the errors remain, you will be unable to log into
|
|
your system.</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4>
|
|
<title>Other</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Currently, <filename>/etc/pam.d/other</filename> is configured
|
|
to allow anyone with an account on the machine to use PAM-aware
|
|
programs without a configuration file for that program. After testing
|
|
<application>Linux-PAM</application> for proper configuration, install
|
|
a more restrictive <filename>other</filename> file so that
|
|
program-specific configuration files are required:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>cat > /etc/pam.d/other << "EOF"
|
|
<literal># Begin /etc/pam.d/other
|
|
|
|
auth required pam_warn.so
|
|
auth required pam_deny.so
|
|
account required pam_warn.so
|
|
account required pam_deny.so
|
|
password required pam_warn.so
|
|
password required pam_deny.so
|
|
session required pam_warn.so
|
|
session required pam_deny.so
|
|
|
|
# End /etc/pam.d/other</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4 id="pam-access">
|
|
<title>Configuring Login Access</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Instead of using the <filename>/etc/login.access</filename>
|
|
file for controlling access to the system,
|
|
<application>Linux-PAM</application> uses the
|
|
<filename class='libraryfile'>pam_access.so</filename> module along
|
|
with the <filename>/etc/security/access.conf</filename> file. Rename
|
|
the <filename>/etc/login.access</filename> file using the following
|
|
command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="shadow pam-access">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-etc-security-access.conf">/etc/security/access.conf</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>if [ -f /etc/login.access ]; then
|
|
mv -v /etc/login.access /etc/login.access.NOUSE
|
|
fi</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4 id="pam-limits">
|
|
<title>Configuring Resource Limits</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Instead of using the <filename>/etc/limits</filename> file
|
|
for limiting usage of system resources,
|
|
<application>Linux-PAM</application> uses the
|
|
<filename class='libraryfile'>pam_limits.so</filename> module along
|
|
with the <filename>/etc/security/limits.conf</filename> file. Rename
|
|
the <filename>/etc/limits</filename> file using the following
|
|
command:</para>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="shadow pam-limits">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-etc-security-limits.conf">/etc/security/limits.conf</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>if [ -f /etc/limits ]; then
|
|
mv -v /etc/limits /etc/limits.NOUSE
|
|
fi</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
<sect4 id="pam-env">
|
|
<title>Configuring Default Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>During previous configuration, several items were removed from
|
|
<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. Some of these items are now
|
|
controlled by the <filename class='libraryfile'>pam_env.so</filename>
|
|
module and the <filename>/etc/security/pam_env.conf</filename>
|
|
configuration file. In particular, the default path has been
|
|
changed. To recover your default path, execute the following
|
|
commands:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>ENV_PATH=`grep '^ENV_PATH' /etc/login.defs.orig | \
|
|
awk '{ print $2 }' | sed 's/PATH=//'` &&
|
|
echo 'PATH DEFAULT='`echo "${ENV_PATH}"`\
|
|
' OVERRIDE=${PATH}' \
|
|
>> /etc/security/pam_env.conf &&
|
|
unset ENV_PATH</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>The ENV_SUPATH option used to modify root's default path
|
|
does not work with PAM. You have to set the path in root's login
|
|
scripts instead.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
</sect4>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 role="content">
|
|
<title>Contents</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>A list of the installed files, along with their short descriptions
|
|
can be found at
|
|
<ulink url="&lfs-root;/chapter06/shadow.html#contents-shadow"/>.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|