mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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429 lines
15 KiB
XML
429 lines
15 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="grub-setup" xreflabel="Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process with UEFI">
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<?dbhtml filename="grub-setup.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process with UEFI</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Turn Off Secure Boot</title>
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<para>
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BLFS does not have the essential packages to support Secure Boot. To
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set up the boot process with GRUB for UEFI installed in BLFS, Secure
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Boot must be turned off from the configuration interface of the
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firmware. Read the documentation provided by the manufacturer of your
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system to find out how.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Create an Emergency Boot Disk</title>
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<para>
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Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote>
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the system in case the system becomes un-bootable. To make an
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emergency boot disk with GRUB for an EFI based system, find a spare
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USB flash drive and create a
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<systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> file system on it.
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Install <xref linkend="dosfstools"/> first, then
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as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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</para>
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<warning>
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<para>
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The following command will erase all directories and files in the
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partition. Make sure your USB flash drive contains no data which
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will be needed, and change <userinput>sdx1</userinput> to the
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device node corresponding to the first partition of the USB flash
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drive. Be careful not to overwrite your hard drive with a typo!
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</para>
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</warning>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkfs.vfat /dev/sdx1</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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Still as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, use
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the <command>fdisk</command> utility to set the first parition
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of the USB flash drive to be an <quote>EFI system</quote> partition
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(change <userinput>sdx</userinput> to the device node corresponding
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to your USB flash drive):
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>fdisk /dev/sdx</userinput>
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<literal>
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Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.2).
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Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
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Be careful before using the write command.
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Command (m for help): </literal><userinput>t</userinput>
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<literal>Selected partition 1
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Hex code or alias (type L to list all): </literal><userinput>ef</userinput>
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<literal>Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'EFI (FAT-12/16/32)'.
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Command (m for help): </literal><userinput>w</userinput>
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<literal>The partition table has been altered.
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Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
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Syncing disks.</literal></screen>
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<para>
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Still as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
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create a mount point for the EFI partition on the USB flash drive
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and mount it:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /mnt/rescue &&
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mount -v -t vfat /dev/sdx1 /mnt/rescue</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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Install GRUB for EFI on the partition:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>grub-install --removable --efi-directory=/mnt/rescue --boot-directory=/mnt/rescue/grub</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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Unmount the partition:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>umount /mnt/rescue</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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Now the USB flash drive can be used as a emergency boot disk on x86-64
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UEFI platform. It will boot the system and show the GRUB shell. Then you
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can type commands to boot your operating systems on the hard drive.
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To learn how to select the boot device, read the manual of your
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motherboard or laptop.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="kernel" id="uefi-kernel">
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<title>Kernel Configuration for UEFI support</title>
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<para>
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Enable the following options in the kernel configuration and recompile
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the kernel if necessary:
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</para>
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<screen><literal>Processor type and features --->
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[*] EFI runtime service support [CONFIG_EFI]
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[*] EFI stub support [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]
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Firmware Drivers --->
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EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) Support --->
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< > EFI Variable Support via sysfs [CONFIG_EFI_VARS]
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[*] Export efi runtime maps to sysfs [CONFIG_EFI_RUNTIME_MAP]
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Enable the block layer --->
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Partition Types --->
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[*] Advanced partition selection [CONFIG_PARTITION_ADVANCED]
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[*] EFI GUID Partition support [CONFIG_EFI_PARTITION]
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Device Drivers --->
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Graphics support --->
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Frame buffer Devices --->
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Support for frame buffer devices ---> [CONFIG_FB]
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[*] EFI-based Framebuffer support [CONFIG_FB_EFI]
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Console display driver support --->
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[*] Framebuffer Console support [CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]
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File systems --->
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Pseudo filesystems --->
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<*/M> EFI Variable filesystem [CONFIG_EFIVAR_FS]</literal></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>CONFIG_EFI_STUB</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Although the EFI stub is designed to boot a kernel directly from
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the UEFI firmware (without a bootloader like GRUB), GRUB needs the
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kernel to be loaded to support the EFI handover protocol enabled by
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this option.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>CONFIG_EFI_VARS</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Don't use this deprecated option because of a 1024-byte
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variable size limit. Its function is replaced by
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<parameter>CONFIG_EFIVAR_FS</parameter>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>CONFIG_FB_EFI</parameter> and <parameter>CONFIG_FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The combination of these two options allows the kernel to
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print debug messages (along with Tux logos) at the early stage of
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the boot process with UEFI.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Find or Create the EFI System Partition</title>
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<para>
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On EFI based system, the bootloaders are installed in a special FAT32
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partition called an <emphasis>EFI System Partition</emphasis> (ESP).
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If your system supports EFI, and a recent version of Linux
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distribution or Windows is pre-installed, it's likely that the ESP
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is already created. As the
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<systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, list all the
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partitions on your hard drive (replace <userinput>sda</userinput>
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with the device corresponding to the appropriate hard drive):
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>fdisk -l /dev/sda</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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The <quote>Type</quote> column of the ESP should be
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<literal>EFI System</literal>.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the system or the hard drive is new, or it's a first time
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install an UEFI booted OS on the system, the ESP may not exist.
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In that case, create a new partition, make a
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<systemitem class="filesystem">vfat</systemitem> file system on it,
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and set the partition type to <quote>EFI system</quote>. See the
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instructions for the emergency boot device above as a reference.
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</para>
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<warning>
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<para>
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Some (old) UEFI implementations may demand the ESP to be the first
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partition on the disk.
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</para>
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</warning>
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<para>
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Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user,
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create the mount point for the ESP, and mount it (replace
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<userinput>sda1</userinput> with the device node corresponding to
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the ESP):
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mkdir -pv /boot/efi &&
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mount -v -t vfat /dev/sda1 /boot/efi</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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Add an entry for the ESP in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, so it will be mounted automatically
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during system boot:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF</userinput>
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<literal>/dev/sda1 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1</literal>
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Mount the EFI Variable File System</title>
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<para>
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The installation of GRUB on a UEFI platform requires that the EFI Variable
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file system, <systemitem class="filesystem">efivarfs</systemitem>, to be
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mounted. As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>mount -v -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars</userinput></screen>
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<note revision="systemd">
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<para>
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If the system is booted with UEFI and systemd,
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<systemitem class="filesystem">efivarfs</systemitem> will be mounted
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automatically. However in the LFS chroot environment it still needs to
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be mounted manually.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para revision="sysv">
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Now add an entry for the
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<systemitem class="filesystem">efivarfs</systemitem> in
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<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> so it will be mounted automatically
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during system boot:
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</para>
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<screen revision="sysv" role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> /etc/fstab << EOF</userinput>
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<literal>efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars efivarfs defaults 0 1</literal>
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<warning>
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<para>
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If the system is not booted with UEFI, the directory
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<filename class="directory">/sys/firmware/efi</filename> will be
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missing. In this case you should boot the system in UEFI mode with
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the emergency boot disk created as above.
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</para>
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</warning>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Setting Up the Configuration</title>
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<para>
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On UEFI based systems, GRUB works by installing an EFI application
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(a special kind of executable) into
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<filename class="directory">/boot/efi/EFI/[id]/grubx64.efi</filename>,
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where <filename class="directory">/boot/efi</filename> is the mount
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point of the ESP, and <literal>[id]</literal> is replaced with an
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identifier specified in the <command>grub-install</command> command
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line. GRUB will create an entry in the EFI variables containing
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the path <literal>EFI/[id]/grubx64.efi</literal> so the EFI firmware
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can find <filename>grubx64.efi</filename> and load it.
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</para>
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<para>
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<filename>grubx64.efi</filename> is very lightweight (136 KB with
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GRUB-2.06~rc1) so it will not use much space in the ESP. A typical ESP
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size is 100 MB (for Windows boot manager, which uses about 50 MB in
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the ESP). Once <filename>grubx64.efi</filename> loaded by the
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firmware, it will load GRUB modules in the boot partition.
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The default location is
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<filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>
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As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, install
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the GRUB files into <filename>/boot/efi/EFI/LFS/grubx64.efi</filename>
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and <filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename>. Then set up the
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boot entry in the EFI variables:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>grub-install --bootloader-id=LFS --recheck</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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If the installation is successful, the output should be:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><literal>Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
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Installation finished. No error reported.</literal></screen>
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<para>
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Issue <command>efibootmgr</command> to recheck the EFI boot
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configuration. An example of the output is:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><literal>BootCurrent: 0000
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Timeout: 1 seconds
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BootOrder: 0005,0000,0002,0001,0003,0004
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Boot0000* ARCH
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Boot0001* UEFI:CD/DVD Drive
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Boot0002* Windows Boot Manager
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Boot0003* UEFI:Removable Device
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Boot0004* UEFI:Network Device
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Boot0005* LFS</literal></screen>
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<para>
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Note that <literal>0005</literal> is the first in the
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<literal>BootOrder</literal>, and <literal>Boot0005</literal>
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is <literal>LFS</literal>. This means that on the next boot, the
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version of GRUB installed by LFS will be used to boot the system.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Creating the GRUB Configuration File</title>
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<indexterm zone="grub-setup grub-video">
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<primary sortas="e-boot-grub-grub-cfg">/boot/grub/grub.cfg</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>
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Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename> to configure the
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boot menu of GRUB:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << EOF</userinput>
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<literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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set default=0
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set timeout=5
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insmod part_gpt
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insmod ext2
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set root=(hd0,2)
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if loadfont /boot/grub/fonts/unicode.pf2; then
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set gfxmode=auto
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insmod all_video
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terminal_output gfxterm
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fi
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menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 5.10.17-lfs-10.1" {
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linux /boot/vmlinuz-5.10.17-lfs-10.1 root=/dev/sda2 ro
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}
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menuentry "Firmware Setup" {
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fwsetup
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}</literal>
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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<literal>(hd0,2)</literal>, <literal>sda2</literal>, and
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<literal>5.10.17-lfs-10.1</literal> should be replaced to match your
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configuration.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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From GRUB's perspective, the files are relative to the partition
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are used. If you used a separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the
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above paths (to kernel and to <filename>unicode.pf2</filename>). You
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will also need to change the set root line to point to the boot
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partition.
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</para>
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</note>
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<para>
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The <literal>Firmware Setup</literal> entry can be used to enter the
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configuration interface provided by the firmware (sometimes called
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<quote>BIOS configuration</quote>).
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Dual-booting with Windows</title>
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<para>
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Add a menu entry for Windows into <filename>grub.cfg</filename>:
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</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat >> /boot/grub/grub.cfg << EOF</userinput>
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<literal># Begin Windows addition
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menuentry "Windows 10" {
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insmod fat
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insmod chain
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set root=(hd0,1)
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chainloader /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
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}</literal>
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<userinput>EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>
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<literal>(hd0,1)</literal> should be replaced with the GRUB
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designated name for the ESP. The <literal>chainloader</literal>
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directive can be used to tell GRUB to run another EFI executable,
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in this case the Windows Boot Manager. You may put more usable tools
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in EFI executable format (for example, an EFI shell) into the ESP and
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create GRUB entries for them.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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