mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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a18b542c17
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@11361 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
394 lines
13 KiB
XML
394 lines
13 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY qemu-download-http "http://wiki.qemu.org/download/qemu-&qemu-version;.tar.bz2">
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<!ENTITY qemu-download-ftp " ">
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<!ENTITY qemu-md5sum "b56e73bdcfdb214d5c68e13111aca96f">
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<!ENTITY qemu-size "11.4 MB">
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<!ENTITY qemu-buildsize "186 MB">
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<!ENTITY qemu-time "2.0 SBU">
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]>
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<sect1 id="qemu" xreflabel="qemu-&qemu-version;">
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<?dbhtml filename="qemu.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>qemu-&qemu-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="qemu">
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<primary sortas="a-qemu">qemu</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title>Introduction to qemu</title>
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<para><application>qemu</application> is a full virtualization solution
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for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions (Intel VT or
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AMD-V).</para>
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&lfs73_checked;
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-http;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&qemu-download-ftp;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download MD5 sum: &qemu-md5sum;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download size: &qemu-size;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated disk space required: &qemu-buildsize;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated build time: &qemu-time;</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<!--
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem>
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<para>Required Patch: <ulink
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url="&patch-root;/qemu-&qemu-version;-fixes-1.patch"/></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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-->
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Qemu Dependencies</bridgehead>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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<para role="required">
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<xref linkend="glib2"/>,
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<xref linkend="python2"/>,
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<xref linkend="sdl"/>, and
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<xref linkend="x-window-system"/>
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</para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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<para role="optional">
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<xref linkend="alsa"/>,
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<xref linkend="attr"/>,
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<xref linkend="check"/>,
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<xref linkend="curl"/>,
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<xref linkend="esound"/>,
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<xref linkend="mesalib"/>, and
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<xref linkend="cyrus-sasl"/>.
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Note that this optional dependencies list is not comprehensive. See the
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output of <command>./configure --help</command> for a more complete list.
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</para>
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<para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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<ulink url="&blfs-wiki;/qemu"/></para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id='qemu-prereq'>
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<title>KVM Prerequsites</title>
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<para>Before building <application>qemu</application>, check to see if
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your processor supports Virtualization Technology (VT):</para>
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<screen><userinput>egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo</userinput></screen>
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<para>If you get any output, you have VT technology (vmx for Intel
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processors and svm for AMD processors). You then need to go into your
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system BIOS and ensure it is enabled. After enabing, reboot back to your
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LFS instance.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="kernel" id='qemu-kernel'>
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<title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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<para>Enable the following options in the kernel configuration
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and recompile the kernel if necessary:</para>
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<screen><literal>Virtualization: Y
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Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) support: M or Y
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KVM for Intel processors support: M or Y
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KVM for AMD processors support: M or Y</literal></screen>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-kernel">
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<primary sortas="d-qemu">qemu</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>The Intel or AMD settings are not both required, but the one matching
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your system processor is required.</para>
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<para>For networking, check that the settings CONFIG_BRIDGE, CONFIG_STP,
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CONFIG_TUN are enabled and <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/> is
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installed.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of qemu</title>
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<para>If <application>xorg</application> is not installed in
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<filename class='directory'>/usr</filename>, then the linker needs to
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be told where it is. For example:</para>
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<screen><userinput>export LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/xorg/lib</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install <application>qemu</application> by running the following
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commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
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--sysconfdir=/etc \
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--target-list=x86_64-softmmu &&
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make</userinput></screen>
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<para>To run the built in tests, run <command>make V=1 check</command>.</para>
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<para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<note><!--<para>The main program <command>qemu-system-x86_64</command> doesn't
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make a distinction between i386 and x86_64 so even on an i386 system you
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should use <emphasis>qemu-system-x86_64</emphasis></para>
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-->
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<para>For convenience you may want to create a symbolic link to run
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<command>qemu-system-x86_64</command>:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sv qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/bin/qemu</userinput></screen>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="commands">
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<title>Command Explanations</title>
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<para><parameter>--target-list=x86_64-softmmu</parameter>: This option
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limits the build target to the x86_64 architecture. For other
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hardware emulation see the --target-list list in <command>configure</command>'s
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help output. Omitting this option will build all architectures.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="configuration">
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<title>Configuring qemu</title>
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<para>To generate an image, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu-img create -f qcow2 vdisk.img 10G</userinput></screen>
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<para>Adjust the virtual disk size and image filename as desired. The
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actual size of the file will be less than specified, but will expand as it
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is used.</para>
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<note><para>The following instructions assume you have created the optional
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symbolic link, <userinput>qemu</userinput>. Additionally, you must run
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<userinput>qemu</userinput> from an X-Windows based terminal.</para></note>
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<para>To install an operating system, download an iso of your choice or use
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a pre-intalled cdrom device. For the purposes of this example, use
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Fedora 16 that is downloaded as
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<filename>Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso</filename> in the current
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directory. Run the following:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm -hda vdisk.img \
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-cdrom Fedora-16-x86_64-Live-LXDE.iso \
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-boot d \
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-m 384</userinput></screen>
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<para>Follow the normal installation procedures for the chosen
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distribution. The -boot option specifies the boot order of drives as a
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string of drive letters. Valid drive letters are: a, b (floppy 1 and 2), c
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(first hard disk), d (first CD-ROM). The -m option is the amount of memory
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to use for the virtual machine. If you have sufficient memory (2G or
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more), 1G is a reasonable value. For computers with 512MB of RAM it's safe
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to use -m 192, or even -m 128 (the default). The -enable-kvm option allows
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for hardware acceleeration. Without this switch, the emulation is
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relatively slow.</para>
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<para>To run the newly installed operating system, run:</para>
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<screen><userinput>qemu -enable-kvm vdisk.img -m 384</userinput></screen>
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<para>To add networking to the instance add "-net nic -net user" to the
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command above. qemu provides a DHCP server for the VM and, depending on
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the client system, sets up networking though the host.</para>
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<para>One problem with the above networking solution is that it does not
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provide the ability to connect with the local network. To do that, there are
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several additional steps that need to be done, all as the <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Set up bridging with <xref linkend='bridgeutils'/>.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Allow the host system to forward IP packets.</para>
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<screen><userinput>sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1</userinput></screen>
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<para>To make this permanent, add the command to
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<filename>/etc/syssysctl.conf:</filename></para>
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<screen><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
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net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Create scripts for qemu to attach the client network
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device, usually visible as tap0, to the host bridge.</para>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifup << EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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switch=br0
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if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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# Add new tap0 interface to bridge
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/sbin/ip link set \$1 up
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sleep 0.5s
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/usr/sbin/brctl addif \$switch \$1
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else
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echo "Error: no interface specified"
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exit 1
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fi
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exit 0
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EOF
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chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup</userinput></screen>
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<screen><userinput>cat > /etc/qemu-ifdown << EOF
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#!/bin/bash
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switch=br0
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if [ -n "\$1" ]; then
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# Remove tap0 interface from bridge
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/usr/sbin/brctl delif \$switch \$1
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else
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echo "Error: no interface specified"
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exit 1
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fi
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exit 0
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EOF
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chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown</userinput></screen>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<note><para>The backslashes in the abouve script are for convenience
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for cut/paste operations. The backslashes should <emphasis>not</emphasis>
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appear in the final scripts.</para></note>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Start qemu with "-net nic -net tap" options. </para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>If a connection, such as ssh, from the local network to the
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client VM is desired, the client should probably be configured
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with a static IP address.</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="content">
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<title>Contents</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed Program</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>qemu-ga, qemu-img, qemu-io, qemu-nbd, qemu-system-x86_64</seg>
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<seg>None</seg>
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<seg>/etc/qemu, /usr/share/qemu, /usr/share/doc/qemu</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Description</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="qemu-ga">
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<term><command>qemu-ga</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>implements support for QMP (QEMU Monitor Protocol) commands and
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events that terminate and originate respectively within the guest
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using an agent built as part of QEMU.</para>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-ga">
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<primary sortas="b-qemu-ga">qemu-ga</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="qemu-img">
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<term><command>qemu-img</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>provides commands to manage QEMU disk images.</para>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-img">
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<primary sortas="b-qemu-img">qemu-img</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="qemu-io">
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<term><command>qemu-io</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is a diagnostic and manipulation program for (virtual) memory
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media. It is still at an early stage of development.</para>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-io">
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<primary sortas="b-qemu-io">qemu-io</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="qemu-nbd">
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<term><command>qemu-nbd</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>exports Qemu disk images using the QEMU Disk Network Block
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Device (NBD) protocol.</para>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-nbd">
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<primary sortas="b-qemu-nbd">qemu-nbd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="qemu-system">
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<term><command>qemu-system-x86_64</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is the QEMU PC System emulator.</para>
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<indexterm zone="qemu qemu-system">
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<primary sortas="b-qemu-system">qemu-system-x86_64</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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