mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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310cc9ad6d
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@5083 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
556 lines
22 KiB
XML
556 lines
22 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.4//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.4/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY xorg-download-http " ">
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<!ENTITY xorg-download-ftp "ftp://ftp.opengroup.org/pub/x.org/pub/X11R&xorg-version;/src-single/X11R&xorg-version;-src.tar.bz2">
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<!ENTITY xorg-md5sum "8131cd7ea1e4566e6e05c438a93fcfe1">
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<!ENTITY xorg-size "43 MB">
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<!ENTITY xorg-buildsize "839 MB">
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<!ENTITY xorg-time "10.34 SBU">
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]>
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<sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
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<?dbhtml filename="xorg.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="xorg">
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<primary sortas="a-xorg">Xorg</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title>Introduction to Xorg</title>
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<note>
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<para>There are two packages in BLFS that implement the <application>X
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Window System</application>: <application>Xorg</application> and
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<application>XFree86</application>. These packages are quite similar.
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In fact, the base system of <application>Xorg</application> is
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<application>XFree86</application>-4.4.0RC2. The primary difference as
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of this writing is the license provisions of the packages. For someone
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building a package for their own use, these issues are not significant.
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Most large commercial distributions have decided to use the
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<application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use
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<application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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<para>A second reason for the forking of <application>X</application>
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packages is the stated goals of the developers. Some developers were
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unhappy with the administration and progress of
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<application>XFree86</application>. X.org's future plans include
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significant improvements to the internals of the system and more frequent
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releases.</para>
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<para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid,
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conservative application with excellent driver support.</para>
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<para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and
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<application>XFree86</application> can be installed in the same way,
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but this section will provide a slightly different and more current
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variation for installation.</para>
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</note>
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<para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
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implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System. This
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application provides a client/server interface between display hardware (the
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mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment, while also
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providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized application
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interface (API).</para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download MD5 sum: &xorg-md5sum;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Additional Downloads</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Required patch: <ulink
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url="&patch-root;/X11R&xorg-version;-src-gcc4-1.patch"/></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Xorg Dependencies</bridgehead>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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<para><xref linkend="libpng"/> and
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<xref linkend="fontconfig"/></para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional</bridgehead>
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<para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/></para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Download Instructions</bridgehead>
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<para>As an alternative to downloading the entire source tree in a single
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file, there are several files that need to be fetched from the download
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location (directory /pub/x.org/pub/X11R&xorg-version;/src/):</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src1.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src2.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src3.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src4.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src5.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src6.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><filename>X11R&xorg-version;-src7.tar.gz</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application>
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libraries and support programs, the second contains standard
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<application>X</application> programs, the third contains the
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<application>X</application> server, the fourth and fifth are fonts,
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the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh is hardcopy
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documentation.</para>
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<para>To check your file for integrity, download the
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<filename>md5sums</filename> file. Then:</para>
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<screen><userinput>md5sum -c md5sums</userinput></screen>
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<para>The package (or all seven packages) should give an OK status.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="kernel" id='xorg-kernel'>
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<title>Kernel Configuration</title>
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<indexterm zone="xorg xorg-kernel">
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<primary sortas="d-Xorg">Xorg</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later), it is
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recommended that you compile MTRR (Memory Type Range Registers) support
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into the kernel. The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD CPUs to the MTRR
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interface, so selecting this option is useful for those processors also.
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This option is found in the "Processor type and features" menu. It can
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increase performance of image write operations 2.5 times or more on PCI or
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AGP video cards.</para>
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<para>In the "Character Devices" section of the "Device Drivers" menu,
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enable AGP Support and select the chipset support on your motherboard. If
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you do not know the chipset, you may select all the chip types at the
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expense of extra kernel size. You can usually determine your motherboard's
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chipset by running the command <command>lspci</command>, a program from the
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<xref linkend="pciutils"/> package.</para>
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<para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis>
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Direct Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
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(DRI) supported video card. A complete list of DRI supported video cards
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can be found at <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the "Status"
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section. Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo,
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Banshee), 3Dlabs, ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128, Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel
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(i810, i815), and Matrox (G200, G400, G450).</para>
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<para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
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which do not make use of DRI. If you intend to use these drivers, do not
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enable DRI.</para>
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<para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile and
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install the new kernel.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Xorg</title>
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<sect3>
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<title>Patching to be Compatible with GCC-4.x</title>
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<para>The <application>Xorg</application> sources must be patched in
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order to be compiled using <application>GCC</application>-4.x. Install
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the following patch:</para>
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<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../X11R&xorg-version;-src-gcc4-1.patch</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Suppressing Xprint-related Modification to '/etc'</title>
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<para><application>Xorg</application> insists on putting
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its boot and profile scripts into the <filename
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class="directory">/etc</filename> directory even if specifically told
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not to compile anything Xprint server or client related (see
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<filename>host.def</filename> below). The following command will
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suppress any such modifications:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i '/^SUBDIRS =/s/ etc$//' programs/Xserver/Xprint/Imakefile</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>
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<para>When building <application>Xorg</application>, you should create
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a shadow directory of symbolic links for the compiled code. To do that,
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first make <command>lndir</command>. Starting from the
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<filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput>pushd config/util &&
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make -f Makefile.ini lndir</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now, as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>cp -v lndir /usr/bin/</userinput></screen>
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<para>And back as an unprivileged user:</para>
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<screen><userinput>popd</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir ../xcbuild &&
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cd ../xcbuild &&
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lndir ../xc</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Creating 'host.def'</title>
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<para>The next step is to create the
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<filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> file. The documentation for
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<application>Xorg</application> indicates that the application will
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build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but the included
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libraries for <application>Fontconfig</application> and
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<application>FreeType2</application> do not build properly on a base
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LFS system. Therefore, you must specify that these libraries, as well
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as others, should be imported from the system.</para>
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<note>
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<para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a
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shell script. Ensure the comments delimited by /* ... */ are balanced
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when modifying the file.</para>
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</note>
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<screen><userinput>cat > config/cf/host.def << "EOF"
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<literal>/* Begin Xorg host.def file */
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/* System Related Information. If you read and configure only one
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* section then it should be this one. The Intel architecture defaults
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* are set for a i686 and higher. Axp is for the Alpha architecture
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* and Ppc is for the Power PC. AMD64 is for the Opteron processor.
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* Note that there have been reports that the Ppc optimization line
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* causes segmentation faults during build. If that happens, try
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* building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line. ***********/
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/* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce \
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-fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2AMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce \
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-fno-strict-aliasing */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt -O2 -mcpu=750 */
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#define HasFreetype2 YES
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#define HasFontconfig YES
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#define HasExpat YES
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#define HasLibpng YES
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#define HasZlib YES
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/*
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* Which drivers to build. When building a static server, each of
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* these will be included in it. When building the loadable server
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* each of these modules will be built.
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*
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#define XF86CardDrivers mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
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neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
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cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
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GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
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ati DevelDrivers ark \
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cyrix siliconmotion vesa vga \
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XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
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*/
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/*
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* Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
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*
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#define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
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digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
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microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb \
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summa wacom void magictouch aiptek
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*/
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/* Most installs will only need this */
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#define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard
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/* Disable building Xprint server and clients until we get them figured
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* out but build Xprint libraries to allow precompiled binaries such as
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* Acrobat Reader to run.
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*/
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#define XprtServer NO
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#define BuildXprintClients NO
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/* Uncomment the following define if you would prefer to install X into
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* /usr or change it to any other location that you prefer.
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* The GL related defines disable compatibility symlinks (the links
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* are not needed when X is installed in /usr).
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#define ProjectRoot /usr
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#define LinkGLToUsrInclude NO
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#define LinkGLToUsrLib NO
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*/
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/* Uncomment the following define if you would prefer to install the
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* fonts into /usr/share/fonts, a directory that is fontconfig's default
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* font search path.
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*
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#define FontDir /usr/share/fonts
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*/
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/* End Xorg host.def file */</literal>
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EOF</userinput></screen>
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<para>There are several other options that you may want to consider.
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A well documented example file is
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<filename>config/cf/xorgsite.def</filename>.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Build Commands</title>
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<para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the
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following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -i -e "s@^#include <linux/config.h>@/* & */@" \
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`grep -lr linux/config.h *` &&
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( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log && exit $PIPESTATUS )</userinput></screen>
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<para>Again as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>
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user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>make install &&
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make install.man &&
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ln -v -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &&
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ln -v -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &&
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ln -v -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="commands">
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<title>Command Explanations</title>
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<para><command>sed -i -e "s@^#include <linux/config.h>@...</command>:
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The <application>Linux-Libc-Headers</application> package installed in
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LFS installs a <filename>/usr/include/linux/config.h</filename> file
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which is not compatible with userspace applications. The recommended fix
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for applications including this file is to remove it (see <ulink
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url="http://ep09.pld-linux.org/~mmazur/linux-libc-headers/doc/FAQ">
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linux-libc-headers FAQ</ulink>). The <command>sed</command> uses
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<command>grep -lr</command> to replace all occurrences. If you desire, just
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remove (comment) the line in the appropriate video driver file if you
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customized <filename>host.def</filename>.</para>
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<para><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log
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&& exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>: This command runs multiple
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<filename>Makefile</filename>s to completely rebuild the system.
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<parameter>2>&1</parameter> redirects error messages to the
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same location as standard output. The <command>tee</command> command
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allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The
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parentheses around the command runs the entire command in a subshell
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and finally the <command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result
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of the <command>make</command> is returned as the result and not the
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result of the <command>tee</command> command.</para>
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<note>
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<para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate
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command that may be used if only minor changes are made to the sources
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is <command>make Everything</command>. This does not automatically
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remove generated files and only rebuilds those files or programs that
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are out of date.</para>
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</note>
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<para><command>ln -v -sf ...</command>: These commands are present to
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enable other (broken) packages to build against
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<application>Xorg</application>, even though the Filesystem Hierarchy
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Standard says: <quote>In general, software must not be installed or
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managed via the above symbolic links. They are intended for utilization
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by users only.</quote></para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="configuration" id='xorg-config'>
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<title>Configuring Xorg</title>
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<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
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<filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>. Run:</para>
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<indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>ldconfig</userinput></screen>
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<para>Ensure <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/bin</filename>
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and <filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib/pkgconfig</filename>
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are added to your <envar>PATH</envar> and <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar>
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environment variables, respectively. Instructions for doing this are
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described in the section <xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>.</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cd ~ &&
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Xorg -configure</userinput></screen>
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<para>The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor.
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This command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your
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home directory.</para>
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<indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
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<primary sortas="e-etc-X11-xorg-conf">/etc/X11/xorg.conf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system. The
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details of the file are located in the xorg.conf man page. Some things
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you may want to do are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
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You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system
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normally comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove
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some font directories completely.</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Section "Module". If you are going to install NVidia
|
|
drivers, remove the "dri" line.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Sections "InputDevice". You may want to change the
|
|
keyboard autorepeat rate by adding
|
|
<option>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</option>.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Section "Monitor". Specify the <option>VertRefresh</option>
|
|
and <option>HorizSync</option> values if the system does not
|
|
automatically detect the monitor and its values.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
|
|
available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
|
|
parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such as:
|
|
<option>DefaultDepth 24</option>. In the SubSection for your
|
|
default depth, add a modes line such as:
|
|
<option>Modes "1600x1200" "1280x1024" "1024x768"</option>. The first
|
|
mode listed will normally be the starting resolution.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>Test the system with:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>X -config ~/xorg.conf.new</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor,
|
|
but it confirms the system is working. Exit with
|
|
<keycap>Control+Alt+Backspace</keycap>. If the system does not work, take
|
|
a look at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> to see what went
|
|
wrong.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Move the configuration file to its final location:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"
|
|
<literal># Begin .xinitrc file
|
|
xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
|
|
xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
|
|
twm</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is
|
|
managed by a simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of
|
|
<command>twm</command>, see the man page.</para>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
|
|
<primary sortas="e-AA.xinitrc">~/.xinitrc</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
|
|
<filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this
|
|
directory is not owned by <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>,
|
|
<application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few seconds and also
|
|
appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of other
|
|
applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create
|
|
the directory before <application>Xorg</application> uses it. Add the
|
|
file creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename> that is
|
|
sourced by the <filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup
|
|
script.</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen role="root"><userinput>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"
|
|
<literal>/tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root</literal>
|
|
EOF</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm zone="xorg xorg-config">
|
|
<primary
|
|
sortas="e-etc-sysconfig-createfiles">/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</primary>
|
|
</indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>Start <application>X</application> with:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen><userinput>startx</userinput></screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>to get a basic functional <application>X Window
|
|
System</application>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>At this point, you should check out <xref linkend='x-setup'/> for
|
|
the necessary configuration to make <application>X</application> fully
|
|
functional. Additionally, you can have a look at <xref linkend='x-config'/>
|
|
for information on fine tuning your <application>X</application>
|
|
configuration.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For a list of the package contents and a description of the commands,
|
|
see the sections in the <xref linkend='xfree86-contents'/>.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|