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page git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@19712 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
233 lines
10 KiB
XML
233 lines
10 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY certhost "https://hg.mozilla.org/">
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<!ENTITY certpath "/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt">
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<!ENTITY cacerts-buildsize "6.5 MB (with all runtime deps)">
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<!ENTITY cacerts-time "0.2 SBU (with all runtime deps)">
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<!ENTITY make-ca-download "https://github.com/djlucas/make-ca/archive/v&make-ca-version;/make-ca-&make-ca-version;.tar.gz">
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<!ENTITY make-ca-size "36 KB">
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<!ENTITY make-ca-md5sum "851f9e267f343c54db8caa87ec5b3d75">
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]>
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<sect1 id="cacerts" xreflabel="Certificate Authority Certificates">
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<?dbhtml filename="cacerts.html"?>
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<sect1info>
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<othername>$LastChangedBy$</othername>
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<date>$Date$</date>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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<para>Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a method to validate the
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authenticity of an otherwise unknown entity across untrusted networks. PKI
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works by establishing a chain of trust, rather than trusting each individual
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host or entity explicitly. In order for a certificate presented by a remote
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entity to be trusted, that certificate must present a complete chain of
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certificates that can be validated using the root certificate of a
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Certificate Authority (CA) that is trusted by the local machine.</para>
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<para>Establishing trust with a CA involves validating things like company
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address, ownership, contact information, etc., and ensuring that the CA has
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followed best practices, such as undergoing periodic security audits by
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independent investigators and maintaining an always available certificate
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revocation list. This is well outside the scope of BLFS (as it is for most
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Linux distributions). The certificate store provided here is taken from the
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Mozilla Foundation, who have established very strict inclusion policies
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described
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<ulink url="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/governance/policies/security-group/certs/">here</ulink>.</para>
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&lfs81_checked;
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<indexterm zone="cacerts">
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<primary sortas="a-cacerts">Certificate Authority Certificates</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title>Introduction to Certificate Authorities</title>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Package Information</bridgehead>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&make-ca-download;"/></para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download size: &make-ca-size;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Download MD5 Sum: &make-ca-md5sum;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated disk space required: &cacerts-buildsize;</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Estimated build time: &cacerts-time;</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Certificate Authority Certificates Dependencies</bridgehead>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Required</bridgehead>
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<para role="required"><xref linkend="openssl"/></para>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect4">Optional (runtime)</bridgehead>
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<para role="optional">
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<xref role="runtime" linkend="java"/> or
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<xref role="runtime" linkend="openjdk"/>,
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<xref role="runtime" linkend="nss"/>, and
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<xref role="runtime" linkend="p11-kit"/>
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</para>
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<para condition="html" role="usernotes">User Notes:
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<ulink url='&blfs-wiki;/cacerts'/></para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Certificate Authority Certificates</title>
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<para>The <application>make-ca</application> script will download and
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process the certificates included in the <filename>certdata.txt</filename>
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file for use in multiple certificate stores (if the associated applications
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are present on the system). Additionally, any local certificates stored in
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<filename>/etc/ssl/local</filename> will be imported to the certificate
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stores. Certificates in this directory should be stored as PEM encoded
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<application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificates.</para>
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<para>To create an <application>OpenSSL</application> trusted certificate
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from a regular PEM encoded file, you need to add trust arguments to the
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<command>openssl</command> command, and create a new certificate. There are
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three trust types that are recognized by the
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<application>make-ca</application> script, SSL/TLS, S/Mime, and code
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signing. For example, using the
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<ulink url="http://www.cacert.org/">CAcert</ulink> roots, if you want to
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trust both for all three roles, the following commands will create
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appropriate OpenSSL trusted certificates (run as the <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem> user):</para>
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<screen role="nodump"><userinput>install -vdm755 /etc/ssl/local &&
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wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/root.crt &&
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wget http://www.cacert.org/certs/class3.crt &&
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openssl x509 -in root.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 1 root" \
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-addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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> /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_1_root.pem &&
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openssl x509 -in class3.crt -text -fingerprint -setalias "CAcert Class 3 root" \
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-addtrust serverAuth -addtrust emailProtection -addtrust codeSigning \
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> /etc/ssl/local/CAcert_Class_3_root.pem</userinput></screen>
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<para>If one of the three trust arguments is omitted, the certificate is
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neither trusted, nor rejected for that role. Clients that use
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<application>OpenSSL</application> or <application>NSS</application>
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encountering this certificate will present a warning to the user. Clients
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using <application>GnuTLS</application> without
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<application>p11-kit</application> support are not aware of trusted
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certificates. To include this CA into the ca-bundle.crt (used for
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<application>GnuTLS</application>), it must have <envar>serverAuth</envar>
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trust. Additionally, to explicitly disallow a certificate for a particular
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use, replace the <parameter>-addtrust</parameter> flag with the
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<parameter>-addreject</parameter> flag.</para>
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<para>To install the various certificate stores, first install the
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<application>make-ca</application> script into the correct location.
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As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user:</para>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, download
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and update the certificate stores with the following command:</para>
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<note>
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<para>If running the script a second time with the same version of
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<filename>certdata.txt</filename>, for instance, to add additional stores
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as the requisite software is installed, add the <parameter>-f</parameter>
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switch to the command line. If packaging, run <command>make-ca
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--help</command> to see all available command line options.</para>
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</note>
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<screen role="root"><userinput>/usr/sbin/make-ca -g</userinput></screen>
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<para>You should periodically update the store with the above command
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either manually, or via a <phrase revision="sysv">cron job.</phrase>
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<phrase revision="systemd">systemd timer. A timer is installed at
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<filename>/etc/systemd/system/update-pki.timer</filename> that, if enabled,
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will check for updates weekly.</phrase></para>
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<para>The default <filename>certdata.txt</filename> file provided by make-ca
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is obtained from the mozilla-release branch, and is modified to provide a
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Mercurial revision. This will be the correct version for most
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systems. There are, however, several other variants of the file available
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for use that might be preferred for one reason or another, including the
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files shipped with Mozilla products in this book. RedHat and OpenSUSE,
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for instance, use the version included in <xref linkend="nss"/>. Additional
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upstream downloads are available at the links below.</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
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<listitem>
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<para>Mozilla Release (the version provided by BLFS):
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<ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-release/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>NSS (this is the latest available version):
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<ulink url="&certhost;projects/nss/raw-file/tip&certpath;"/>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mozilla Central:
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<ulink url="&certhost;mozilla-central/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mozilla Beta:
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<ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-beta/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>Mozilla Aurora:
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<ulink url="&certhost;releases/mozilla-aurora/raw-file/default/security/nss&certpath;"/>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="content">
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<title>Contents</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed Programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Libraries</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed Directories</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>make-ca</seg>
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<seg>None</seg>
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<seg>/etc/ssl/{certs,java,local} and /etc/pki/{nssdb,anchors}</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="make-ca">
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<term><command>make-ca</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is a shell script that adapts a current version of
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<filename>certdata.txt</filename>, and prepares it for use
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as the system certificate store.</para>
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<indexterm zone="cacerts make-ca">
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<primary sortas="b-make-ca">make-ca</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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