mirror of
https://github.com/Zeckmathederg/glfs.git
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dccd5cc91a
git-svn-id: svn://svn.linuxfromscratch.org/BLFS/trunk/BOOK@2411 af4574ff-66df-0310-9fd7-8a98e5e911e0
433 lines
19 KiB
XML
433 lines
19 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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<!ENTITY xorg-download-http "http://freedesktop.org/~xorg/X11R6.7.0/src/">
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<!ENTITY xorg-download-ftp " ">
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<!ENTITY xorg-size "70.3 MB">
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<!ENTITY xorg-buildsize "645 MB">
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<!ENTITY xorg-time "17.1 SBU">
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]>
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<sect1 id="xorg" xreflabel="X.org-&xorg-version;">
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<?dbhtml filename="xorg.html"?>
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<title>Xorg-&xorg-version;</title>
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<sect2>
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<title>Introduction to <application>Xorg</application></title>
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<note><para>There are two packages in BLFS that implement the <application>X</application>
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Window System: <application>Xorg</application> and <application>XFree86</application>.
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These packages are quite similar. In fact, the base system of <application>Xorg</application>
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is <application>XFree86</application>-RC2. The primary difference as of this writing is
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the license provisions of the packages. For someone building a package for their own use,
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these issues are not significant. Most large commercial distributions have decided
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to use the <application>Xorg</application> package, but several still use
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<application>XFree86</application>.</para>
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<para>A second reason for the forking of X packages is the stated goals of the
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developers. Some developers were unhappy with the administration and progress of
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<application>XFree86</application>. Xorg's future plans include significant
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improvements to the internals of the system and more frequent releases.</para>
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<para><application>XFree86</application> continues to be a solid, conservative
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application with excellent driver support.</para>
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<para>Both <application>Xorg</application> and <application>XFree86</application>
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can be installed in the same way, but this section will provide a slightly
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different and more current variation for installation.</para>
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</note>
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<para><application>Xorg</application> is a freely redistributable open-source
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implementation of the <application>X</application> Window System.
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This application provides a client/server interface between display
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hardware (the mouse, keyboard, and video displays) and the desktop environment,
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while also providing both the windowing infrastructure and a standardized
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application interface (<acronym>API</acronym>).</para>
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<sect3><title>Package information</title>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem><para>Download (HTTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-http;"/></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Download (FTP): <ulink url="&xorg-download-ftp;"/></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Download size: &xorg-size;</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Estimated Disk space required: &xorg-buildsize;</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Estimated build time: &xorg-time;</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title><application>Xorg</application> Dependencies</title>
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<sect4><title>Required</title>
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<para><xref linkend="libpng"/>, <xref linkend="expat"/>, <xref linkend="freetype2"/> and
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<xref linkend="fontconfig"/>.</para>
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</sect4>
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<sect4><title>Optional</title>
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<para><xref linkend="Linux_PAM"/>.</para>
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</sect4>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Download Instructions</title>
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<para>There are several files that need to be fetched from the download location:</para>
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<itemizedlist spacing='compact'>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src1.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src2.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src3.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src4.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src5.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src6.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><filename>X11R6.7.0-src7.tar.gz</filename></para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>The first package contains the <application>Xorg</application> libraries and
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support programs, the second contains standard X programs, the third contains the
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X server, the fourth and fifth are fonts, the sixth is normal documentation, and the seventh
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is hardcopy documentation.</para>
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<para>To check your downloads for integrity, download the <filename>md5sums</filename>
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file. Then:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>md5sum -c md5sums</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>All seven packages should give an OK status.</para>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Installation of <application>Xorg</application></title>
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<sect3>
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<title>Kernel Compilation Settings</title>
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<para>If you have an Intel P6 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II and later), it is recommended
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that you compile <acronym>MTRR</acronym> (Memory Type Range Registers) support into the kernel.
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The kernel can map Cyrix and AMD <acronym>CPU</acronym>s to the
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<acronym>MTRR</acronym> interface, so selecting this
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option is useful for those processors also. This option is found in the
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"Processor type and features" menu. It can increase performance of
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image write operations 2.5 times or more on <acronym>PCI</acronym> or
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<acronym>AGP</acronym> video cards.</para>
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<para>In the "Character Devices" section, enable <acronym>AGP</acronym> Support and
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select the chipset support on your motherboard. If you do not know the chipset,
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you may select all the chip types at the expense of extra kernel size. You can usually
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determine your motherboard's chipset by doing:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>cat /proc/pci</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>In the "Character Devices" section, <emphasis>disable</emphasis> Direct
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Rendering Manager unless you have a Direct Rendering Infrastructure
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(<acronym>DRI</acronym>)
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supported video card. A complete list of <acronym>DRI</acronym> supported video cards can
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be found at <ulink url="http://dri.sourceforge.net" /> in the Status section.
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Currently, supported cards include those from 3dfx (Voodoo, Banshee), 3Dlabs,
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ATI (Rage Pro, Rage 128,
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Radeon 7X00, Radeon 2), Intel (i810, i815), and Matrox (G200, G400, G450).
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If you do enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> here, make sure you select the video card(s) you want
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to support as a <emphasis>module</emphasis>.</para>
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<para>Additionally NVidia provides their own closed source binary drivers,
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which do not make use of <acronym>DRI</acronym>. If you intend to use these drivers,
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do not enable <acronym>DRI</acronym>.</para>
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<para>If you made any changes to the kernel configuration, recompile the kernel.</para>
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<para>Copy the <filename>arch/i386/boot/bzImage</filename> and <filename>System.map</filename>
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from the kernel build directory to <filename class='directory'>/boot</filename>.
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Edit <filename>/boot/grub/grub.conf</filename> and add the new kernel to the
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boot menu.
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(If you use lilo, edit <filename>/etc/lilo.conf</filename> and run <filename>lilo</filename>.)
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</para>
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<note><para>If you build <application>Xorg</application> in a chroot environment,
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make sure the kernel version of the base system and the target system are the same.
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This is especially important if you enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> support as a module as
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instructed above.</para></note>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Setting Up a Shadow Directory</title>
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<para>When building <application>Xorg</application>, you should create
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a shadow directory of symbolic links for the compiled code. To do that, we first
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make the <application>lndir</application>. Starting from the
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<filename class='directory'>xc</filename> directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>pushd config/util &&
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make -f Makefile.ini lndir &&
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cp lndir /usr/bin/ &&
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popd</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>Now create the shadow tree:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>mkdir ../xcbuild &&
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cd ../xcbuild &&
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lndir ../xc</command></userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3><title>Creating <filename>host.def</filename></title>
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<para>The next step is to create the <filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> file.
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The documentation for <application>Xorg</application> indicates that the
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application will build without a <filename>host.def</filename> file, but
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the included libraries for <application>fontconfig</application> and
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<application>freetype2</application> do not build properly on a base LFS system.
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Therefore, you must specify that these libraries, as well as others, should be
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imported from the system.</para>
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<note><para><filename>config/cf/host.def</filename> is a C file, not a shell
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script. Ensure the comments delimited by /* ... */ are
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balanced when modifying the file. </para></note>
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<screen><userinput><command>cat > config/cf/host.def << "EOF"</command>
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/* Begin Xorg host.def file */
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/* System Related Information. If you read and configure only one
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* section then it should be this one. The Intel architecture defaults are
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* set for a i686 and higher. Axp is for the Alpha architecture and Ppc is
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* for the Power PC. AMD64 is for the Opteron processor. Note that there have
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* been reports that the Ppc optimization line causes segmentation faults during
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* build. If that happens, try building without the DefaultGcc2PpcOpt line. ***********/
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/* #define DefaultGcc2i386Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing -march=i686 */
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/* #define DefaultGccAMD64Opt -O2 -fno-strength-reduce -fno-strict-aliasing */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2AxpOpt -O2 -mcpu=ev6 */
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/* #define DefaultGcc2PpcOpt -O2 -mcpu=750 */
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#define HasFreetype2 YES
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#define HasFontconfig YES
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#define HasExpat YES
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#define HasLibpng YES
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#define HasZlib YES
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/*
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* Which drivers to build. When building a static server, each of these
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* will be included in it. When building the loadable server each of these
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* modules will be built.
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*
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#define XF86CardDrivers mga glint nv tga s3virge sis rendition \
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neomagic i740 tdfx savage \
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cirrus vmware tseng trident chips apm \
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GlideDriver fbdev i128 \
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ati AgpGartDrivers DevelDrivers ark cyrix \
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siliconmotion \
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vesa vga XF86OSCardDrivers XF86ExtraCardDrivers
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*/
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/*
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* Select the XInput devices you want by uncommenting this.
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*
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#define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard acecad calcomp citron \
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digitaledge dmc dynapro elographics \
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microtouch mutouch penmount spaceorb summa \
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wacom void magictouch aiptek
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*/
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/* Most installs will only need this */
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#define XInputDrivers mouse keyboard
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/* End Xorg host.def file */
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<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>There are several other options that you may want to consider. A well documented
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example file is <filename>config/cf/xorgsite.cf</filename>.</para>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Build Commands</title>
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<para>Install <application>Xorg</application> by running the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log && exit $PIPESTATUS ) &&
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make install &&
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make install.man &&
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ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11 &&
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ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11 &&
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ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></userinput></screen>
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</sect3>
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<sect3>
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<title>Updating Direct Rendering Infrastructure (<acronym>DRI</acronym>)</title>
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<para>If you have one of the supported <acronym>DRI</acronym> cards and
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have enabled <acronym>DRI</acronym> kernel modules as explained
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above, you now need to update the kernel modules to ensure they are compatible with the
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current version of <application>Xorg</application>. To do this, perform the following:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>cd programs/Xserver/hw/xfree86/os-support/linux/drm/kernel &&
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make CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux &&
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mkdir -p /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/ &&
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cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o \
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/lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/ &&
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depmod -a</command></userinput></screen>
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<warning><para>If you recompile or upgrade your kernel, you will need to re-copy the
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appropriate driver module(s)
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to the kernel module library and rerun the <command>depmod -a</command> command.</para></warning>
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<note><para>If you created <acronym>AGP</acronym> support as a module when compiling
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the kernel, you may have to add a line to <filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to ensure
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the agpgart module is loaded. For instance, the <acronym>AGP</acronym> version of the
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Radeon video card will use the <filename>radeon.o</filename> driver. It will
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need to have the line <screen>below radeon agpgart</screen> in
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<filename>/etc/modules.conf</filename> to enable <acronym>DRI</acronym> support.</para></note>
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</sect3>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Command explanations</title>
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<para><command>( make World 2>&1 | tee xorg-compile.log
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&& exit $PIPESTATUS )</command>:
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This command runs multiple makefiles to completely rebuild the system.
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<parameter>2>&1</parameter> redirects error messages
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to the same location as standard output. The <command>tee</command> command
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allows viewing of the output while logging the results to a file. The parentheses
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around the command runs the entire comand in a subshell and finally the
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<command>exit $PIPESTATUS</command> ensures the result of the <command>make</command>
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is returned as the result and not the result of the <command>tee</command> command.</para>
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<note><para>When rebuilding <application>Xorg</application>, a separate command that may
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be used if only minor changes are made to the sources is <command>make
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Everything</command>. This does not automatically remove generated
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files and only rebuilds those files or programs that are out
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of date.</para></note>
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<para><screen><command>ln -sf ../X11R6/bin /usr/bin/X11
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ln -sf ../X11R6/lib/X11 /usr/lib/X11
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ln -sf ../X11R6/include/X11 /usr/include/X11</command></screen>
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These commands are present to enable other (broken) packages to build
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against <application>Xorg</application>. We do this even though the
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Filesystem Hierarchy Standard says:
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"In general, software must not be installed or managed via the above
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symbolic links. They are intended for utilization by users only."</para>
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<para><command>make CC=/opt/gcc-2.95.3/bin/gcc -f Makefile.linux</command>: This builds the
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<application>Xorg</application> compatible kernel modules using the same compiler used to compile
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the kernel.</para>
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<para><command>cp gamma.o radeon.o sis.o r128.o i810.o i830.o mga.o tdfx.o
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/lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/</command>: Put the kernel
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module(s) where the kernel can find them. You only need to copy the driver you
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need to support your video card.</para>
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<para><command>depmod -a</command>: Update the modules.dep file for module
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management.</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Configuring Xorg</title>
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<para>Edit <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> and add
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<filename class="directory">/usr/X11R6/lib</filename>.
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Run:</para> <screen><userinput><command>ldconfig</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>Ensure <filename class='directory'>/usr/X11R6/bin</filename> is added to your
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<envar>PATH</envar> environment variable. Instructions for doing this are described
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in the section "<xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>."</para>
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<para>Expand the <envar>PKG_CONFIG_PATH</envar> so that other packages
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can find <application>X</application> libraries. Procedures for this are also
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described in the section "<xref linkend='postlfs-config-profile'/>."</para>
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<para>Set up your mouse:
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<screen><userinput><command>ln -s psaux /dev/mouse</command></userinput></screen>
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Adjust the symbolic link as necessary for other types of mice. For instance,
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a serial mouse on the first serial port would be linked to ttyS1.</para>
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<para>Create the <filename>xorg.conf</filename> file with:
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<screen><userinput><command>cd ~
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Xorg -configure</command></userinput></screen>
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The screen will go black and you may hear some clicking of the monitor. This
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command will create a file, <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> in your home
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directory.</para>
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<para>Edit <filename>xorg.conf.new</filename> to suit your system. The
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details of the file are located in the man
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page <command>man xorg.conf</command>. Some things you may want to
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do are:</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>Section "Files". Change the order of the font paths searched.
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You may want to put 100dpi fonts ahead of 75dpi fonts if your system normally
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comes up closer to 100 dots per inch. You may want to remove some font
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directories completely.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Monitor". Specify the <parameter>VertRefresh</parameter>
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and <parameter>HorizSync</parameter> values if the system does not automatically
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detect the monitor and its values.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "InputDevice". You may want to change the keyboard
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autorepeat rate by
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adding <parameter>Option "Autorepeat" "250 30"</parameter>.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Device". You may want to set some of the options
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available for your selected video driver. A description of the driver
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parameters is in the man page for your driver.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Section "Screen". Add a DefaultDepth statement such
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as: <parameter>DefaultDepth 16</parameter>. In the SubSection for your
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default depth, add a modes line such
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as: <parameter> Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"</parameter>.
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The first mode listed will normally be the starting
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resolution.</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>Test the system with:
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<screen><userinput><command>X -xf86config ~/xorg.conf.new</command></userinput></screen>
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You will only get a gray background with an X-shaped mouse cursor, but it
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confirms the system is working. Exit with Control-Alt-Backspace. If the
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system does not work, take a look
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at <filename>/var/log/Xorg.0.log</filename> to see what went
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wrong.</para>
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<para>Move the configuration file to its final location:</para>
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<screen><userinput><command>mv ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf</command></userinput></screen>
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<para>Create <filename>.xinitrc</filename>:
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<screen><userinput><command>cat > ~/.xinitrc << "EOF"</command>
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# Begin .xinitrc file
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xterm -g 80x40+0+0 &
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xclock -g 100x100-0+0 &
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twm
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<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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This provides an initial screen with an xterm and a clock that is managed by a
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simple window manager, Tab Window Manager. For details of twm, see the
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man page.</para>
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<note>
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<para>When needed, <application>Xorg</application> creates the directory
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<filename>/tmp/.ICE-unix</filename> if it does not exist. If this directory is
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|
not owned by root, <application>Xorg</application> delays startup by a few seconds
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|
and also appends a warning to the logfile. This also affects startup of other
|
|
applications. To improve performance, it is advisable to manually create the directory
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|
before Xorg uses it. Add the file creation to <filename>/etc/sysconfig/createfiles</filename>
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|
that is sourced by the
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<filename>/etc/rc.d/init.d/cleanfs</filename> startup script.</para>
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|
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|
<screen><userinput><command>cat >> /etc/sysconfig/createfiles << "EOF"</command>
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|
/tmp/.ICE-unix dir 1777 root root
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|
<command>EOF</command></userinput></screen>
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|
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|
</note>
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|
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|
<para>Start <application>X</application> with:
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<screen><userinput><command>startx</command></userinput></screen>
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|
to get a basic functional <application>X</application> Window System.</para>
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|
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|
<para>At this point, you should check out
|
|
<xref linkend='x-setup'/>.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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